MGMT305 U5 IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

MGMT305 U5 IP - Research Paper Example Management Information Systems are very distinct from other types of information systems because of their ability to analyze data I order to facilitate both operational and strategic activities in an organization. Different organizations use Management Information Systems differently according to the type of the organization, its industry and its objectives. There are also different types of management information systems serving different purposes at different levels of organizational structure. The various categories of management information systems include Decision Support Systems (DSS), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), and Project Management among others. Management Information Systems have five main components namely software, hardware, data, procedures and the people who use the systems(Bidgoli, 2004). The first organization is Starlet Marketing, a privately owned marketing agency dealing with internet and social media marketing for its clients. The main objective of Starlet Marketing is to enable its clients to boost their sales. Being an internet company, the firm heavily relies on technology to manage its affairs. In this regard, the organization has enhanced its operations by using management Information systems. This organization mainly relies on the systems to manage its inventory and sales and customer relationship management. The systems collect, store and analyze sales and inventory data to enable the management to make appropriate decisions to boost the forms activities. The other organization is the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), which is a government organization charged with collecting taxes on behalf of the government. The IRS is one of the largest government organizations managing a very huge client base. The use of Information technology is very vital in ensuring the organization meets its objectives. The IRS therefore mainly relies on Management Information Systems to manage its

Global Business Strategies Essay Example for Free

Global Business Strategies Essay Course Description The managers perspective in the fields of international payments, international trade, and investment are analyzed. Emphasis is given to the materials and concepts that illuminate the strategies, structure, practices, and effects of multinational enterprises. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Hill, C. W. (2009). International business. Competing in the global marketplace (7th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Contemporary Global Business Environment Details Due Points Objectives 1.1 Define globalization. 1.2 List the major drivers of globalization. 1.3 Explain some effects of globalization. 1.4 Compare and contrast the role of economic integration in promoting global business. 1.5 Relate the stage of economic development of an economically integrated region to potential business opportunities. Readings Read Ch. 1 of International Business. Read Ch. 2 of International Business. Read Ch. 3 of International Business. Read Ch. 5 of International Business. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Read the Week One Read Me First. Participation Participate in class discussion. 1 Individual Week One Quiz Post week one quiz. 1 Individual Globalization Questionnaire Prepare a comprehensive response to the following questions in 350 words. What is globalization, and what are some of the traditional international trade theories that support the concept of globalization? List the major drivers of globalization and provide three examples of each. Explain at least four effects of globalization that affect your community and your organization. 10 Week Two: Global Business Strategy Formulation Details Due Points Objectives 2 2.1 Conduct a business risk analysis. 2.2 Choose an appropriate mode of entry for global products or services. Readings Read Ch. 6 of International Business. Read Ch. 7 of International Business. Read Ch. 8 of International Business. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Read the Week Two Read Me First. Participation Participate in class discussion. 1 Individual Week Two Quiz Post week two quiz. 1 Learning Team Instructions Select a country and product to focus your cumulative Global Business Plan Learning Team project. The deliverables for the project include the following Learning Team assignments: Week Two: Comprehensive Analysis Outline and Presentation Week Three: Country Risk and Strategic Planning Analysis Paper Week Five: Final Global Business Plan and Presentation Individual Regional Integration for and Against Articles Select a region approved by your instructor and choose a trading bloc (NAFTA, EU, ASEAN, etc.) within that region. Write two 350- to 500-word articles, one article in favor of regional integration and another article against regional integration. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of regional integration and relate the stage of economic development of the economically integrated region to [emailprotected] potential business opportunities. 10 Learning Team Comprehensive Analysis Outline and Presentation Select a product and a country for a global business venture. Conduct a regional, country, and product analyses for your new global venture. Prepare a 1,050- to 1,400-word outline and a 5- to 7-slide summary presentation illustrating the following: Region Analysis Regional alliances and economic integration Physical environment and its affect on trade Political stability Economic conditions Finance options available Social, health, and environmental conditions Terrorism threats Country Analysis Political stability Economic conditions Finance options available Physical environment and its affect on trade Social, health, and environmental conditions Cultural considerations Organization and product or service analysis Description of your organization Product needs assessment of the target country Description of product to meet the need Format your written paper consistent with APA guidelines. 5 Week Three: Strategic Implementation: Global Business Operations Details Due Points Objectives 3 3.1 Describe the legal, cultural, and ethical challenges that confront global businesses. 3.2 Determine the various roles that host governments play in global business operations. Readings Read Ch. 12 of International Business. Read Ch. 14 of International Business. Read Ch. 15 of International Business. Read Ch. 17 of International Business. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Read the Week Three Read Me First. Participation Participate in class discussion. 1 Individual Week Three Quiz Post week three quiz. 1 Learning Team Country Risk and Strategic Planning Analysis Paper Prepare a 1,400- to 2,100-word paper in which you conduct a country risk analysis for your selected global business venture. Analyze the following risks in your paper: Political, legal, and regulatory risks Exchange and repatriation of funds risks Competitive risk assessment Taxation and double taxation risks Market risks (four Ps) Distribution and supply chain risks Physical and environmental challenges to entering and operating in a target market Social and cultural risks Cyber or technology Describe how you would manage these risks Summarize your strategic planning process: Define and clarify mission and objectives SWOTT analysis of target country Make strategy selection Select and justify an appropriate mode of entry for your global product or service Control and evaluation Devise contingency plan Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. 10 Week Four: Strategy Implementation: Finance and Marketing in Global Business Details Due Points Objectives 4 4.1 Analyze global financing and exchange rate mechanisms. 4.2 Identify multilateral and regional financial institutions that help foster global business. 4.3 Identify various methods of financing global operations. 4.4 Identify key foreign exchange risks and techniques to mitigate risk. 4.5 Conduct a global marketing analysis for a product or service. Readings Read Ch. 9 of International Business. Read Ch. 11 of International Business. Read Ch. 16 of International Business. Read Ch. 18 of International Business. Read Ch. 20 of International Business. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Read the Week Four Read Me First. Participation Participate in class discussion. 1 Individual Week Four Quiz Post week four quiz. 1 Individual Case Study Select one of the following cases from the International Business Textbook: â€Å"Nike: The Sweatshop Debate† at the end of Part 2 â€Å"Google in China† at the end of Chapter 4  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Boeing versus Airbus: Two Decades of Trade Disputes† at the end of Part 3 (Video is not required to complete this case.) â€Å"The Russian Ruble Crisis and Its Aftermath† at the end of Part 4 â€Å"Molex† at the end of Part 6 â€Å"Merrill Lynch in Japan† at the end of Part 6 Write a 500- to 750-word paper in which you address the following topics: Describe the legal, cultural, and ethical challenges that confront the global business presented in your selected case study. Determine the various roles that host governments played in this particular global business operation. Summarize the strategic and operational challenges facing global managers illustrated in your selected case. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. 15 Week Five: Changing Environment of Global Business Details Due Points Objectives 5 5.1 Identify appropriate business strategies based on business risk analysis. 5.2 Determine appropriate exit strategies for a global organization. Readings Read Ch. 4 of International Business. Read Ch. 13 of International Business. Review this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. Read the Week Five Read Me First. Participation Participate in class discussion. 1 Individual Week Five Quiz Post week five quiz. 1 Individual Global Financing and Exchange Rate Mechanisms Choose one of the following topics. Prepare a 1,050- to 1,750-word paper in which you analyze one of the following global financing and exchange rate topics: Purchasing power parity and the Big Mac index Currency hedging Hard and soft currencies Countertrade Financing via letters of credit and EXIM Bank and commercial banks Tariff and nontariff barriers Roles of international financial institutions (e.g. IMF, World Bank, ADB, etc.) Euro currency markets Define your selected topic. Explain how your topic is used in global financing operations and describe its importance in managing risks. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. 15 Individual Final Examination Prepare to take a final exam. 10 Learning Team Final Global Business Plan Paper and Presentation Prepare a 7,000- to 8,750-word paper integrating your previous Learning Team assignments to include the following new material: Summarize your findings from previous Learning Team assignments. Include the rationale for selecting your target country. Refer to your Learning Team Country Risk Analysis for highlights. Determine the marketing mix specific to your selected global product or service and explain your choice of marketing mix. Prepare a marketing plan that addresses product modification, pricing, promotional programs, distribution channels, and e-business in your chosen country. Include market indicators and trends for your product or service. Prepare a financial overview for your global venture. Include a chart that represents the general budget for your global venture. Explain how your company deals with foreign exchange risk for your global operation. Identify potential domestic and international sources of financing for your global venture. Include at least two possible financial institutions within your chosen region. Describe the degree to which your organization operates as a centralized versus decentralized organization. Include a chain of command chart to illustrate how communications would reach senior management from the field when events necessitate changes in tactics or strategy. What types of exit strategies would be most appropriate for your global venture? Some strategies to consider include divestiture of assets, handing over to a joint venture partner, diversification, shutting down operation, and contingencies for your global venture. Based on your findings, make final recommendations about the feasibility of this global venture. Would you recommend proceeding with this global venture? Explain why or why not. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. 15 Week One Quiz Questions What technological advances in telecommunications and transportation have influenced global business in the last decade? How have these technological advances affected regional economic development? What trends may be anticipated in these areas? Would globalization have been possible without these technological advances? Discuss how culture, language, and religion might influence the costs of doing business in a particular country. Support your statement with examples. Discuss the following theory: The study of global business is relevant if you work or plan to work in a large multinational company, but it has little or no significance for individuals who work in smaller national firms. Do you agree or disagree? Defend your argument with at least two supporting statements. Week Two Quiz Questions What is country risk analysis? How is this analysis conducted? Is country risk analysis an effective tool in determining the desirability of establishing a manufacturing site or other mode of entry? Define a trade deficit and a trade surplus. What are the implications of a long-term trade deficit or trade surplus? What techniques are available to correct balance of payment deficit or surplus? Does free trade equate to fair trade? Does free trade exist anywhere in the world? Respond to the questions and support your answers with examples. Week Three Quiz Questions What is the current status of the telecommunications, energy, and transportation infrastructures of the world’s fastest developing countries? What effect does importing advanced technology, such as wireless technologies, into a developing country have on that country’s telecommunications, energy, and transportation infrastructures? How do these changes in infrastructure and technology alter business productivity? What are some issues and trends in global sociocultural issues? Why must a company be sensitive to the sociocultural environment within the host country? What affect does sociocultural sensitivity have on a company’s operations or sales within a host country? What are the major staffing policies that global organizations must consider? How must an organization choose among these staffing policies? How do you assess the effect of implementing a specific staffing policy? What are the primary functions of the foreign-exchange market? Who are the participants in the market? How do global companies use the foreign-exchange market to hedge against foreign-exchange risks? Felix, a U.S. technology company has recently developed a revolutionary wireless phone. The product offers exciting new features along with all of the features of current products, but at a fraction of the manufacturing costs. As the international business manager of Felix, you have been asked to choose the best mode of entry into the European market. Your have the following options: Export your product from the United States. Enter into an alliance with a large European company. Manufacture the product in the United States and set up a wholly owned subsidiary in Europe. License a European firm to manufacture and market the phone in Europe. In preparation for your choice, list the pros and cons of each method of entry. Which choice do you present to your CEO? Support your decision. Can any product or service be marketed globally? If it sells in the United States, does it sell in another country? Explain why or why not. Can a product be marketed in the same manner in multiple countries? Defend your answer with examples. How might you relate the four Ps of marketing to customer relations management (CRM) in a global business environment? Week Four Quiz Questions What are the elements of capital budgeting? How do you determine these elements in the global business arena? Provide examples of how you would use capital budgeting analysis to determine the desirability of global projects. What are the international and regional institutions that comprise the global monetary and financial system? What role do these institutions play in  promoting global business operations? Under what conditions is it better to borrow funds from a domestic bank? When might it be necessary to borrow from a target country financial institution? Explain your answer. When would a firm choose to operate on a transnational basis? Under what circumstances would a firm use a localization strategy? When would an international strategy be employed? Support your answers with examples. Week Five Quiz Questions Describe one exit strategy an organization may use when things go wrong in a foreign country. What are some of the issues that might prompt the implementation of an exit strategy? Summarize the effect of an exit strategy on the strategic planning for a global organization? Name the factors that may contribute to the global business failure of an organization? How might a global organization protect itself against a global business failure? Are US ethical standards applicable worldwide? Explain your answer and provide examples. What are the consequences of failure to incorporate ethical considerations into global planning.

Having a Second Father: My Grandpa :: Personal Narrative Writing

Having a Second Father: My Grandpa It has been five years since I have spoken to my father. I was three years old when my parents got a divorce. Both my mom and dad remarried, however my dad didn’t waste any time in doing so. After he was married, I felt that I wasn’t a part of his new life. We had our problems like any relationship between children and parents, but most of the problems resulted from interference from his new wife. We would disagree on many things because of his wife. Her inputs and thoughts that she voiced oh so well became overwhelming. I know that it is easy to disagree with a parent at any time, however it is even more so when the parent is remarried with a new life and family. Since the day that he got married our relationship drifted downhill. I thought he was so strong and would always stand up for what he believed in and wanted. He used to think that I was his world. I soon realized that wasn’t true. His wife you could say â€Å"wore the pants’ in his new family.† He should have made decisions that concerned our relationship and me but he didn’t. I never dreamed the day would come when someone would come between one of my parents and I, at most a spouse of one of my parents. I was in his life long before she and his new family came into it. I felt that I was being treated unfairly. I was supposed to be daddy’s little girl just as most girls dream about. I always thought that I would come first. The life with my mom was the exact opposite. I came first and still do in her life. She was remarried and that didn’t change the fact that I was number one on her list. I look at the days and memories with my dad and notice that somewhere along the way he got sidetracked of what was important to him. I know my thoughts seem childish, but I was hurt and felt that I had been treated unfairly. All I could think was: â€Å"What had I done to make him not love me†. As a young child, everyone wants to fit in with his or her friends.

Selfridges Essay

SWOT and Financial Analysis of Selfridges Selfridges PLC has four stores, one of which is the second largest in the UK. The essay will evaluate the key facts about the company and why they are important. This essay will cover the financial performance, marketing strategy and a SWOT analysis for Selfridges. The company is well known and unique because of its history and how it currently operates. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. By analyzing the four topics, it is easier to inspect the current business situation.Once all the issues have been identified changes can be made in order to improve the company. The PEST analysis and other similar strategies can also be used in addition to the SWOT for further investigation and improvement. Background Selfridges is located in the centre of London, on Oxford Street. After taking just 12 months to build, the store was opened on 15th March. Harry Gordon Selfridge, the founder of Selfridges wanted to build an American department store in London. The store supplied many products and services including, perfume, clothing, home appliances and jewellery.Selfridges is now a Public Limited Company which means it sells shares to the public. Marketing strategy Marketing strategy includes the products, pricing, promotions and relationship management. A way of remaining loyal to customers is by offering them a loyalty card, when the customer uses their Selfridges loyalty card they will receive one point for every pound they spend. Selfridges offer products which vary from luxury items to high street brands. On some occasion celebrities will visit the store and this attracts many customers on one single day.Selfridges also promotes the store by having sales which offer discount on items in order to attract the customer. Financial performance When Harry first bought the land where Selfridges would be built it cost him him $400,000 however in the 21st century the property was valued at more than ? 324m. Selfridges was sold In July 1951 for ? 3. 4 million to Lewis's Investment Trust and 52 years later the store was re-sold for ? 600m to Canadian food and specialist retail businessman Galen Weston and his family. In 1991 a seven year, ? 00m renovation was completed which updated the look and size of the store. The profit in 2009 was ? 84m and is set to increase steadily annually. SWOT analysis Strengths Firstly, Being situated in the heart of London is a major advantage for Selfridges because central London is such a popular place. Secondly, the products offered vary from toys, clothing, cosmetics, home appliances, furniture, jewellery and food. Selfridges has its own website so it can sell products online to people if they are unable to visit the store for any reason.Furthermore most of the products sold in store are also available online so there this saves time for customers and employees as well as saving space in store. Selfridges consists of over 500 diverse brands in st ore, this means that it saves people from having to go to different stores so it is a lot easier for people to shop. People are able to view luxury brands such as Bvlgari, Christian Dior, Prada, Versace and many more. Topshop, Lipsy, FCUK and AllSaints are just four of many high street brands for people to look at.Selfridges cater for different markets so there is something for everyone in store. Weaknesses Even though Selfridges is planning on opening new stores in the future, there are currently only four stores. Stores such as John Lewis and Debenhams have over 100 stores across the UK which makes it more accessible for people. Some of the services Selfridges provide may be expensive in some people’s opinion. For example the car park at the London store costs ? 7 minimum, this may cause customers to park and shop somewhere else.With today’s increasing problem of global warming and animal cruelty, some products may become a problem, or need changing in order to adapt to regulations. For example, the Duke and Duchess of Hamilton decided to boycott shopping at Selfridges because foie gras (a food product made from duck or goose liver) is being sold in the stores. Selfridges has a number of competitors, its main rivals are Harrods, Harvey Nichols and John Lewis. Opportunities According to the Independent, there are future plans to develop the north section of the Oxford Street store and create a hotel, offices, leisure.In the future Selfridges could possibly open new stores in England or abroad in a different country such as America where it is likely to succeed, exchange rates are also low. Selfridges already has their own clothing range for females so it might be good to start a new range such as male clothing or cosmetics. The market is always changing and adapting, new brands and products are always being created. So the fact that Selfridges is always renewing their range is an opportunity. Loyal customers will always return to view the latest products in the market. ThreatsStores such as Harrods, Harvey Nichols and John Lewis all pose as major threats to Selfridges PLC because they are all situated in the centre of London and also attract many potential customers. All the stores will be competing with each other with costs and products. The current economic climate is bad for the company because it affects many customers and the way they spend money. Taxes, politics and government also have a major affect on stores such as Selfridges. The current economic climate is probably the biggest factor for Selfridges. Economic climate has affected people and how they spend money.Because Selfridges specializes in luxury goods, the prices may be slightly high in some people’s opinion which will cause them to be reluctant to buy products from Selfridges. Some people are going to choose to shop at other high street shops which offer better priced items. Conclusion In my opinion Selfridges continues to remain successful during the economic crisis and remain competitive against all other retail stores. In conclusion the main strengths are that is it located in the centre of London on Oxford Street and there is a major variety of products.The main weakness for Selfridges is possibly the current economic crisis because it effects how people spend money. Miss Selfridge, the woman’s clothing range started in 1966 and has grown continuously and is now a major high street store. A new opportunity could be that Selfridges might possibly open new product ranges or services such as hotels or leisure. Bibliography http://www. georgianhousehotel. co. uk/london-shopping/selfridges. asp (30/11/2010) http://www. selfridges. com/en/StaticPage/Our+Heritage/? msg= (30/11/2010) http://www. ndependent. co. uk/news/business/news/selfridges-announce-profits-increase-700045. html (30/10/11) http://www. missselfridge. com/careers/ss10/recruitment/pages/timeline. html (30/11/2010) http://www. personneltoday. com/articles/ 2007/07/02/41308/selfridges-human-resources-director-maria-stanford-reforms-the-retailers-hr-brand. html (30/11/2010) http://companies. jrank. org/pages/3724/Selfridges-Plc. html (30/11/2010) http://business. timesonline. co. uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/retailing/article5536583. ece (08/12/2010)

Hemingway’s Writing Style Essay

From almost the beginning of his writing career, Hemingway’s distinctive style occasioned a great deal of comment and controversy. Basically, his style is simple, direct, and unadorned, probably as a result of his early newspaper training. He avoids the adjective whenever possible, but because he is a master at transmitting emotion without the flowery prose of his Victorian novelist predecessors, the effect is far more telling. In Observations on the Style of Ernest Hemingway, from â€Å"Contexts of Criticism† by Harry Levin (Harvard University Press, 1957), the critic says: â€Å"Hemingway puts his emphasis on nouns because, among other parts of speech, they come closest to things. Stringing them along by means of conjunctions, he approximates the actual flow of experience. † Hemingway has often been described as a master of dialog, and most readers agree, upon being first introduced to his writing, that â€Å"this is the way these characters would really talk. † It is interesting to note, however, that Hemingway’s one attempt at playwriting was a failure. Actually, a close examination of his dialog will reveal that this is rarely the way people really speak. The effect is accomplished, rather, by the calculated emphasis and repetition which makes us remember what has been said. Since the critics cannot entirely agree on Hemingway’s style, perhaps the best way is to put it into the author’s own words. Shortly before his tragic death, Hemingway gave to the Wisdom Foundation in California a collection of his observations on life and art, love and death. They were published in the January 1963, issue of Playboy magazine, and in them Hemingway said of his writing: I do most of my work in my head. I never begin to write until my ideas are in order. Frequently I recite passages of dialogue as it is being written; the ear is a good censor. I never set down a sentence on paper until I have it so expressed that it will be clear to anyone. Yet, I sometimes think that my style is suggestive rather than direct. The reader must often use his imagination or lose the most subtle part of my thoughts. I take great pains with my work, pruning and revising with a tireless hand. I have the welfare of my creations very much at heart. I cut them with infinite care, and burnish them until they become brilliants. What many another writer would be content to leave in massive proportions, I polish into a tiny gem. Hemingway goes on at some length, but the essence of what he says may be in this paragraph: A writer’s style should be direct and personal, his imagery rich and earthy, and his words simple and vigorous. The greatest writers have the gift of brilliant brevity, are hard workers, diligent scholars and competent stylists. To explain Hemingway’s style adequately in a few paragraphs is impossible. Scores of articles, and even some books, have been written on the subject, and it is to these that the serious student should go for additional, more detailed information.

Martha Corey, Last Woman Hung in the Salem Witch Trials

Martha Corey, Last Woman Hung in the Salem Witch Trials Martha Corey (c. 1618–September 22, 1692) was a woman in her seventies living in Salem, Massachusetts when she was hanged as a witch. She was one of the last women to be executed for this crime and was featured prominently in playwright Arthur Millers allegorical drama about the McCarthy era called The Crucible. Fast Facts: Martha Corey Known For: One of the last people hanged as a witch in the 1692 Salem witch trialsBorn: c. 1618Parents: UnknownDied: Sept. 22, 1692Education: UnknownSpouse(s): Henry Rich (m. 1684), Giles Corey (m. 1690)Children: Ben-Oni, illegitimate mixed-race son; Thomas Rich Early Life Martha Panon Corey, (whose name was spelled Martha Corree, Martha Cory, Martha Kory, Goodie Corie, Mattha Corie) was born about 1618 (various sources list anywhere from 1611 to 1620). Little is known about her life outside the records of the trials, and the information is confusing at best. The dates given for Martha Corey in the historical records do not make much sense. She is said to have given birth to an illegitimate mixed-race (mulatto) son named Ben-Oni in 1677. If so- she would have been in her late 50s- the father was more likely a Native American than an African, though the evidence is scant either way. She also claimed to have married a man named Henry Rich in about 1684- in her mid-60s- and they had at least one son, Thomas. After he died on April 27, 1690, Martha married the Salem village farmer and watchman Giles Corey: she was his third wife. Some records say that Benoni was born while she was married to Rich. For 10 years, she lived apart from her husband and son Thomas as she raised Benoni. Sometimes called Ben, he lived with Martha and Giles Corey. Both Martha and Giles were members of the church by 1692, and Martha at least had a reputation for regular attendance, though their bickering was widely known. The Salem Witch Trials In March 1692, Giles Corey insisted on attending one of the examinations at Nathaniel Ingersolls tavern. Martha Corey, who had expressed skepticism about the existence of witches and even the devil to neighbors, tried to stop him, and Giles told others about the incident. On March 12, Ann Putnam Jr. reported that she had seen Marthas specter. Two deacons of the church, Edward Putnam and Ezekiel Cheever, informed Martha of the report. On March 19, a warrant was issued for Marthas arrest, claiming she had injured Ann Putnam Sr., Ann Putnam Jr., Mercy Lewis, Abigail Williams, and Elizabeth Hubbard. She was to be brought on Monday, March 21 to Nathaniel Ingersolls tavern at noon. During the Sunday worship service at Salem Village Church, Abigail Williams interrupted the visiting minister, Rev. Deodat Lawson, claiming she saw Martha Coreys spirit separate from her body and sit on a beam, holding a yellow bird. She claimed that the bird flew to Rev. Lawsons hat, where he had hung it. Martha said nothing in response. Martha Corey was arrested by the constable, Joseph Herrick, and examined the next day. Others were now claiming to be afflicted by Martha. There were so many spectators that the examination was moved to the church building instead. Magistrates John Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin questioned her. She maintained her innocence, stating, I never had to do with Witchcraft since I was born. I am a Gospel-Woman. She was accused of having a familiar, a bird. At one point in the interrogation, she was asked: Do not you see these children and women are rational and sober as their neighbors when your hands are fastened? The record shows that the bystanders were then seized with fitts. When she bit her lip, the afflicted girls were in an uproar. Timeline of the Accusations On April 14, Mercy Lewis claimed that Giles Corey had appeared to her as a specter and forced her to sign the devils book. Giles Corey, who defended his wifes innocence, was arrested on April 18 by George Herrick, the same day Bridget Bishop, Abigail Hobbs, and Mary Warren were arrested. Abigail Hobbs and Mercy Lewis named Giles Corey as a witch during the examination the next day before magistrates Jonathan Corwin and John Hathorne. Her husband, who defended her innocence, was arrested himself on April 18. He refused to plead either guilty or innocent to the charges. Martha Corey maintained her innocence and accused the girls of lying. She stated her disbelief in witchcraft. But the display by the accusers of her supposed control of their movements convinced the judges of her guilt. On May 25, Martha Cory was transferred to Bostons jail, along with Rebecca Nurse, Dorcas Good (misnamed as Dorothy), Sarah Cloyce, and John and Elizabeth Proctor. On May 31, Martha Corey was mentioned by Abigail Williams in a deposition as disquieting her divers times, including three specific dates in March and three in April, through Marthas apparition or specter. Martha Corey was tried and found guilty by the Court of Oyer and Terminer on September 9. She was sentenced to death by hanging, along with Martha Corey, Mary Eastey, Alice Parker, Ann Pudeator, Dorcas Hoar, and Mary Bradbury. The next day, Salem Village church voted to excommunicate Martha Corey, and Rev. Parris and other church representatives brought her the news in prison. Martha would not join them in prayer ​and instead told them off. Giles Corey was pressed to death on September 17–19, a method of torture intended to force an accused person to enter a plea, which he refused to do. It did result, however, in his sons-in-law inheriting his property. Martha Corey was among those hanged on Gallows Hill on September 22, 1692. It was the last group of people executed for witchcraft before the end of the Salem witch trials episode. Martha Corey After the Trials On February 14, 1703, Salem Village church proposed revoking the excommunication of Martha Corey; a majority supported it but there were six or seven dissenters. The entry at the time implied that the motion failed but a later entry, with more details of the resolution, implied that it had passed. In 1711, the Massachusetts legislature passed an act reversing the attainder- restoring full rights- to many who had been convicted in the 1692 witch trials. Giles Corey and Martha Corey were included in the list. Martha Corey in The Crucible Arthur Millers version of Martha Corey, based loosely on the real Martha Corey, has her accused by her husband of being a witch for her reading habits. Sources Brooks, Rebecca Beatrice. The Witchcraft Trial of Martha Corey. History of Massachusetts Blog, August 31, 2015.Burrage, Henry Sweetser, Albert Roscoe Stubbs. Cleaves. Genealogical and Family History of the State of Maine, Volume 1. New York: Lewis Historical Publishing Company, 1909. 94–99.DuBois, Constance Goddard. Martha Corey: A Tale of the Salem Witchcraft. Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Company, 1890.Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York: Penguin Books, 2003.Roach, Marilynne K. The Salem Witch Trials: A Day-by-day Chronicle of a Community Under Siege. Lanham, Massachusetts: Taylor Trade Publishing, 2002.Rosenthal, Bernard. Salem Story: Reading the Witch Trials of 1692. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Exploring Oceania Orwells 1984 Essays

Exploring Oceania Orwells 1984 Essays Exploring Oceania Orwells 1984 Essay Exploring Oceania Orwells 1984 Essay Essay Topic: 1984 George orwell When exploring the integrity of the extremely patriotic nation of Oceania in 1984 by George Orwell, one may discover that there is an extensive lack of regard for many of the values to which modern people today ordinarily cherish. One of those values is the complete lack of privacy the citizens of Oceania have anywhere, not even in their own homes, in which telescreens are installed. Another value that has been taken away from them is the inability to think their own thoughts. Most of the individuals of Oceania think what the Party wants them to think, even if it is completely irrational. The Party wants them to think nothing but good thoughts about Big Brother and themselves. If someone is even suspected to be thinking anything bad [committing a â€Å"thought crime†] about Big Brother and/or the Party, they are charged with a thought crime and are immediately arrested by the Thought Police, even if it is the middle of the night. The Party even has their own slogan. â€Å"Who controls the past controls the future: who controls the present controls the past.† [Part 1: Chapter 3, page 34]. A â€Å"telescreen† is a television and security camera-like device used by the Party and Big Brother to prevent anyone in his realm from forming conspiracies with others against the government. These large screens were so sensitive that they could even detect your heartbeat. â€Å"To keep your face expressionless was not difficult, and even your breathing could be controlled, with an effort: but you could not control the beating of your heart, and the telescreen was quite delicate enough to pick it up.† [Part 1: Chapter 7, page 79]. A few privileged people could turn off their telescreens with the understanding they could only be off for 30 minutes or less. No one ever knew how many screens were monitored at any one time or how they were monitored. Telescreens were the main use of communication between the Party or Big Brother and the residents of Oceania

Elemental Composition of the Human Body by Mass

Elemental Composition of the Human Body by Mass This is a table of the elemental composition of the human body by mass for a 70 kg (154 lb) person. The values for any particular person may be different, especially for the trace elements. Also, the element composition does not scale linearly. For example, a person who is half the mass may not contain half the amount of a given element. The molar amount of the most abundant elements is given in the table. You may also wish to view the element composition of the human body in terms of mass percent. Reference: Emsley, John, The Elements, 3rd ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1998 Table of Elements in the Human Body by Mass oxygen 43 kg (61%, 2700 mol) carbon 16 kg (23%, 1300 mol) hydrogen 7 kg (10%, 6900 mol) nitrogen 1.8 kg (2.5%, 129 mol) calcium 1.0 kg (1.4%, 25 mol) phosphorus 780 g (1.1%, 25 mol) potassium 140 g (0.20%, 3.6 mol) sulfur 140 g (0.20%, 4.4 mol) sodium 100 g (0.14%, 4.3 mol) chlorine 95 g (0.14%, 2.7 mol) magnesium 19 g (0.03%, 0.78 mol) iron 4.2 g fluorine 2.6 g zinc 2.3 g silicon 1.0 g rubidium 0.68 g strontium 0.32 g bromine 0.26 g lead 0.12 g copper 72 mg aluminum 60 mg cadmium 50 mg cerium 40 mg barium 22 mg iodine 20 mg tin 20 mg titanium 20 mg boron 18 mg nickel 15 mg selenium 15 mg chromium 14 mg manganese 12 mg arsenic 7 mg lithium 7 mg cesium 6 mg mercury 6 mg germanium 5 mg molybdenum 5 mg cobalt 3 mg antimony 2 mg silver 2 mg niobium 1.5 mg zirconium 1 mg lanthanum 0.8 mg gallium 0.7 mg tellurium 0.7 mg yttrium 0.6 mg bismuth 0.5 mg thallium 0.5 mg indium 0.4 mg gold 0.2 mg scandium 0.2 mg tantalum 0.2 mg vanadium 0.11 mg thorium 0.1 mg uranium 0.1 mg samarium 50 g beryllium 36 g tungsten 20 g

Proposal for alternative, convertible and flexible types of Research Paper

Proposal for alternative, convertible and flexible types of accommodations for the 2016 Rio Olympic Games - Research Paper Example mated that the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil could provide ample accommodation for 33,000 visitors, this being the number of the hotel beds that are available (Berg, n.d.). The Olympic Games will definitely require more than this, considering that the number of visitors is expected to be much higher, estimated at a figure well above 50,000. Worse still is the fact that; the economic implication of the city would be even dire, if it engages in the erection of permanent facilities that are only to be used for accommodating the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games of 2016, and then fall short of business later. However, while uptight efforts are being made to avail the necessary accommodation through the construction of more hotels and accommodation facilities, it would even be more comfortable and innovative of the city, if it could devise other means of providing temporary accommodation, which still meets the required standards. One of the viable considerations for the temporary, yet quality accommodation provision for the Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during the Olympic Games of 2016, is the use of Cruise Ship (Honeywell, n.d.). There are various reasons that make this option viable. First, the city of Rio de Janeiro is surrounded by water, which makes the use of cruise ship possible, as the visitors and the athletic members will only be sleeping in the regions surrounding the city. The advantage of this option is that; it will allow for the provision of ample accommodation in areas of close proximity to the city, thus allowing for the desired convenience. The second advantage is the fact that, the use of cruise ship will allow for the temporary provision of accommodation, thus eliminating the need for construction of permanent accommodation facilities, which may then lack sufficient business thereafter, thus resulting to unnecessary tying up of substantial resources in the substantial constructions (Honeywell, n .d.). The validity of this option is the fact that, the same

Term paper 1 for an Academic writing class (Advantages Of Using

1 for an Academic writing class (Advantages Of Using Robots) - Term Paper Example This is a robot that was made in Japan by roboticist Hiroshi Ishiguro. The robot resembles its creator very closely and imitates him in most of the things he does including breathing and nodding his head. The robot has a camera installed in its body that allows its maker to tap into its coverage (Michelini, 2009). Ishiguro can lecture while far from class using the robot. Geminoid HI-1 is wired in such a way that it can exhibit most human attributes such that students and people around it are in a position to relate easily with it. Roboticists move that a robot will need to be made in such a way that people are not uncomfortable working around it or living with it. Discomfort around robots occurs when a robot invokes feelings of walking-dead in people. Robots could be employed in teaching students such programs such as AutoCAD and Photoshop. They would have ease teaching clearly structured programs especially those that are procedural. This is because they use computer controls. Neve rtheless, with increased advancements in robot technology, robots will come to teach more complex programs in the future (Goodrich & Schultz, 2007). Doctors have also benefitted variously from the use of robots. Research has been conducted to program a robot so as to exhibit indicators of ill health and reactions that different medical conditions elicit in the human body. Such robots are wired in such a way that they smell and react in ways that humans do to drugs and other medications. Doctors are using robots to make virtual visits to their patients across long distance. These robots are installed with high technology visuals, cameras and screens that help doctors provide services to their patients in a more personal way. These robots are controlled using wireless technological gadgets. Research has shown that such robots can help protect clinical staff from cross-infection from interaction with patients. Pharmacists are using robotic systems to store and dispense medications in h ospitals (Prassler, 2005). These robots help in preventing errors in medication, difficulties of sorting drugs, prompt the need of stocking drugs and cuts on time and money wastage. In surgery, robots are helping doctors in carrying out complicated surgical procedures on patients. These robots have equipment that capture and transmit information to surgeons. The robots have arms that are controlled by surgeons using computers. Studies have observed that robots have recorded better accuracy and precision than human hands in surgery. This has been attributed to the robots ability to magnify the view of whatever part is being operated on and to the steady movement of robotic arms. These robotic arms can get to areas that human hands can otherwise not reach. It is this combination of steady movement, flexible reach and improved visual ability that enables surgeons to carry out complicated procedures successfully (Rosen et. al., 2011). There are researches being conducted the world over to find out how robots can help in housework. Researchers are looking into issues of how people can live with robots in their homes. They delve into questions of the number of robots that people can relate with at a time. In homes, robots can help in household chores including security, washing and cooking (Siciliano & Khatib, 2008). Recent research shows that countries world over may experience an increase in an

Quantitative research article critique Assignment

Quantitative research article critique - Assignment Example The details of the mentioned study were published in a nursing article in the tenth volume of the BMC Cancer Journal. One of the major problems that became apparent in the article was that the study problem was not explicitly stated in the study’s abstract, and it was not until in the later parts of the Background that the reader becomes aware of the study’s intent to analyze patient preferences on conservative palliative management (CPM) versus active and aggressive medical management (AAMM) in end-of-life care. In fact, only the study’s aims were mentioned, and the research problems as well as hypotheses were not clearly stated in the paper. Nevertheless, the chosen topic in the study is very much significant in the field of nursing since it provides a medium for guaranteeing â€Å"Patient-Centered Care† (PCC), one of the primary advocacies of nursing (Mitchell, Bournes, & Hollett, 2006). Indeed, this emphasis on PCC served as among the basic justification for the study, and the highlighting of PCC was used as part of the basic conceptual framework of the study, albeit this framework was rather implied, and not explicitly stated. Still, the PCC framework was linked to the research purpose by serving as the primary motivation for the study and review of literature. In relation, most of the literature reviewed can be considered recent, with 90% of the studies cited conducted from 2000 to present. However, the remaining percentage involved older studies, with the oldest study dated 1984. Nevertheless, a strong point of the study is that its review of literature flowed logically and although it was brief, the literat ure review was able to adequately justify the need for the study. In terms of methodology, another weak point of the study is in the fact that it failed to comprehensively discuss its study design. In fact, the research design was not mentioned at all in the study. Instead, the reader has to infer what possible design was utilized for

Healthcare Reforms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare Reforms - Essay Example e services available to customers; and to cut the healthcare costs (Kronenfeld & Kronenfeld, 2004). The Obama administration has introduced a range of far-reaching reforms of the healthcare system, the most comprehensive since the adoption of the Medicare act in 1965 (Parks, 2011). This paper will review these health care reforms since health care reforms would be beneficial by reducing the overall price per family requirement and medical treatment delivered. Having these basic necessities available would make living in this country easier on the mind as well as the wallet. Having the ability to use the hospital’s resources in a time of need is a common resource not readily available to all Americans.The combined public-private healthcare scheme that was in existent before the healthcare reforms of 2010 was one of the costliest systems globally, with the costs of health care being the highest per individual as compared to any other country (Parks, 2011). Besides, United States comes second, after East Timor, in terms of the percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) that is used on healthcare among the member countries of the United Nations (Parks, 2011). An independent research on global patterns of spending on health care indicates that United States uses more than any other member state in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Williams, 2011). Regardless of the massive spending, the research indicates that usage of health care servicesis lower thanthe OECD standards by most indicators. In addition, the findings show that costs incurred by individuals for various health care services are appreciably greater in the US (Williams, 2011). Therefore, these healthcare reforms are a relief to most American families as they will have access to more affordable health care resources and services whenever they need them. For instance, they introducecost-free preventative services, prohibition of insurance companies from barring person s with pre-existing conditions from getting their policies among many other comprehensive benefits to citizens (Williams, 2011). Opponents of these reforms argue thatincreasing the hospital’s resources to the general public at a no-cost rate would spark greed. They suggest that these patients and hospitals alike would disregard the cost and expect the government to front the bill. However, this is not true; the fact is these reforms do not make the system a single-payer scheme in which the state has total control over the health care. The changes would still retain the private insurance system (Parks, 2011). The reforms are only intensifying government’s regulation over health care insurance providers. Besides, an alternative for a public insurance scheme, administered in a similar manner to Medicare, brings in additionalstatefinancing into health care and willchange the market whilstchallengingthe private insurers in an exchange (Parks, 2011). The fact is that a publi c schemeincreases the government’s regulation but it is not a takeover of system. Health care reform

Play and Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Play and Work - Essay Example Really, the working process usually brings much pleasure. As for me, I work to realize my abilities, feel myself significant, not to lose time. The given paper will prove that even the richest people can’t do without everyday work. How do we benefit from work? First of all, work teaches people how to be responsible. This explains why children from comfortable families are eager to work. They want to hold the responsibility for their future and do not want to account only on their parents. The sense of responsibility helps us build a happy family. A person who is not responsible for his/her own life will not be able to become responsible for the family, thus his/her family will not be strong and happy. Moreover, the sense of responsibility of the countries’ citizens is the guarantee of state’s thriving and prosperity. The word â€Å"work† is the antonym to the word â€Å"idleness†, and we know what consequences idleness may have. Even if a person has money and may not work for it, he/she still should take effort to make the money work for him/her. This is also a work that will not allow this person to appear without a penny one day. When a person is doing nothing, it leads to wastefulness and wastefulness in its turn leads to poverty. There are many examples that testify that idleness is destructive. Any amount of money can be easily spent during a short period of time. Thus, even the richest people prefer to work rather than doing nothing. Furthermore, many rich ones know pretty well that it is not very easy to become rich, thus they do their best to save their money and the only way to save it is to continue working. The work helps us be healthy and in a good shape. When we do not work, we are degrading and our personality is not developing. We need constant practice in order to keep the knowledge we once gained. That is why old people prefer to work even after retirement. They do not want to lose the skills and knowledge. Ol d people also state that working after retirement help them feel young and healthy. Every work is beneficial. Unfortunately, in our society people prefer to respect only intellectual work. It is valued high and, thus, brings more money. Certainly, intellectual work demands getting an appropriate education, therefore many people do their best and sacrifice much in order to receive a good education. However, I consider manual work to be not less important. In the article "brains as well as brawn" Mike Rose talks about the injustice that presents in our society. The author shares the feelings he had watching a carpenter working: â€Å"I am watching a carpenter install a set of sliding French doors in a tight wall space. He stands back, surveying the frame, imagining the pieces as he will assemble them. What angle is required to create a threshold that will shed water? Where might the sliding panels catch or snag? How must the casings be remade to match the woodwork in the rest of the room? And how can he put it all together fast enough and smart enough to make his labor pay?† (Rose 337). Here we can see that the work of carpenter is really difficult and unique, it demands much efforts. Unfortunately, nobody thinks about it and nobody notices his work. In our modern world everybody wants to become an economist, a manager, a translator, but there are few people who value manual work. We prefer to value the work of accountant or a doctor, but never notice the work of, for example, a waitress and the number of tasks she has to implement:

Healthcare Reforms Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare Reforms - Essay Example e services available to customers; and to cut the healthcare costs (Kronenfeld & Kronenfeld, 2004). The Obama administration has introduced a range of far-reaching reforms of the healthcare system, the most comprehensive since the adoption of the Medicare act in 1965 (Parks, 2011). This paper will review these health care reforms since health care reforms would be beneficial by reducing the overall price per family requirement and medical treatment delivered. Having these basic necessities available would make living in this country easier on the mind as well as the wallet. Having the ability to use the hospital’s resources in a time of need is a common resource not readily available to all Americans.The combined public-private healthcare scheme that was in existent before the healthcare reforms of 2010 was one of the costliest systems globally, with the costs of health care being the highest per individual as compared to any other country (Parks, 2011). Besides, United States comes second, after East Timor, in terms of the percentage of gross domestic product (GDP) that is used on healthcare among the member countries of the United Nations (Parks, 2011). An independent research on global patterns of spending on health care indicates that United States uses more than any other member state in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (Williams, 2011). Regardless of the massive spending, the research indicates that usage of health care servicesis lower thanthe OECD standards by most indicators. In addition, the findings show that costs incurred by individuals for various health care services are appreciably greater in the US (Williams, 2011). Therefore, these healthcare reforms are a relief to most American families as they will have access to more affordable health care resources and services whenever they need them. For instance, they introducecost-free preventative services, prohibition of insurance companies from barring person s with pre-existing conditions from getting their policies among many other comprehensive benefits to citizens (Williams, 2011). Opponents of these reforms argue thatincreasing the hospital’s resources to the general public at a no-cost rate would spark greed. They suggest that these patients and hospitals alike would disregard the cost and expect the government to front the bill. However, this is not true; the fact is these reforms do not make the system a single-payer scheme in which the state has total control over the health care. The changes would still retain the private insurance system (Parks, 2011). The reforms are only intensifying government’s regulation over health care insurance providers. Besides, an alternative for a public insurance scheme, administered in a similar manner to Medicare, brings in additionalstatefinancing into health care and willchange the market whilstchallengingthe private insurers in an exchange (Parks, 2011). The fact is that a publi c schemeincreases the government’s regulation but it is not a takeover of system. Health care reform

Formal research report topic Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Formal report topic - Research Paper Example This section will form the foundation of the research and will assist in development of the comparison between the two companies. Pepsi is one of the leading brands of cola drinks across the world. Pepsi was founded in 1898 when a pharmacist experimented with various juices and syrups and invented the famous beverage Pepsi. With the intense efforts by the company and the highly levels of marketing and advertising, the company became renowned across the world. The company has adopted a number of different strategies for marketing as well as sales and has been able to develop strong brand recognition and brand equity across the globe (Pepsi, 2010). Pepsi owns a major part of the overall markets and the company has been able to build a strong brand image globally. Coca Cola is one of the leading companies throughout the world. Coca Cola has left a major mark on the industry and is recognized for to be the largest and most famous soft drinks company across the world. The company was introduced in 1886 when the company produced a drink with the ‘Coca Cola’ syrup and carbonated water in Atlanta. However over the years the company has grown to become the world’s largest and most well known companies across the world. Coca Cola has also been able to create goodwill and a trademark for itself. which has become invaluable and the goodwill that the company has been able to create for itself is very high. Coca Cola has been able to use its brand image and to develop and recover from the complete physical property loss that the company had been faced with. The company however with the name that it had created had been able to develop and gain back its position in the market (Coca Cola, 2010). Both the companies being giants in the industry will be compared and contrasted on three main areas, a) Strengths and weaknesses, b) financial perspectives and c) a comparison of the two companies as competitors. Pepsi Co. has seen a high

Observation and Analysis of the Business Essay Example for Free

Observation and Analysis of the Business Essay 1 Introduction The following Report is based on the Research, Observation and Analysis of the Business letters that are contained at the end of this report. The outcome of this report will help me with my communication and design skills; I will then be a much better position to prepare my own Business letter in the future. This Report was set by Terry Dickenson and Adrianne Oates to be completed by 11th November 2002. This Date has been met. I have studied the Business letters and discussed with a couple of colleagues the layout, design and content of the letters and this has influenced the points made in the report. I obtained the Business letters from Wickes, Sports Shoes Unlimited and . 2 Examination of Business letters Letter number 1: Wickes Layout The Layout is very important in a Business letter. Whether it looks professional and Business like is very important. It has to look like a Business letter. The Wickes Business letter has a nice letterhead. It has the logo and it does not come down further than 4 cm. It doesnt have an Address, however it does have the Head Office and the Registered Office address in the footer along with a contact number and the company registration number. The Business letter header has been printed in black and white. The logo is black and white logo. Printing/Paper The paper is just cheap printing paper; the letter has been printed out in Black and White. It is been made to look professional by having a letterhead but has been printed in black and white. This means the letter is in expensive to produce. The paper is standard printer paper; it has no embossing or watermark on it. Font/Writing style The font is a sans serif font, probably Arial. It is Black text on white paper. It is fairly small text, about 12 or 14 point. The company has used Bold text to make the important text stand out. Content/Accuracy The content of the Letter is accurate; it contains no errors and has been set out in an appropriate manner. The letter is very general. It has been created using mail merge, the letter has been sent to all the customers in the companys contacts database. The company has put the main points next to bullet points, this means the customer will remember the main points, this is what the company wants so it is well designed. Letter number 2: Sports Shoes Unlimited Layout The Sports Shoes Business letter has a nice letterhead. It has colour. It has, like the Wickes Letter got a logo and the letterhead does not come down further than 4 cm. The Address and contact numbers has been put in the footer instead of the header. The company registration number has not been put on the letter at all. The Business letter header has been printed in colour. It makes the letter look a better quality letter. The logo is in colour. Printing/Paper The paper is quite expensive. The letter has been printed out in colour, because of the letterhead. It has been made to look professional by having a letterhead. The company have spent time and money making the letter look good. It has been printed on glossy paper, which is expensive. The letter has then been printed in colour as well. This means the letter is more expensive to produce than the Wickes letter. The paper is glossy, but it has no embossing or watermark on it. Font/Writing style The font is a sans serif font, like the Wickes Letter. It is Black text on white paper. It is fairly small text, about the same size as the text on the Wickes letter, 12 point. The company has used no Bold text, but has used capitals to make the important text stand out. Content/Accuracy The content of the Letter is accurate; it contains no errors or miss spelt words. The letter has been set out in an appropriate manner. The letter has probably been created using mail merge, the letter has been sent to all the customers in the companys contacts database, just like the Wickes letter. This is common for companies who want to contact all their customers; it is a cheap and effective way to create the letter. The company has used paragraphs to break up the long text. This means the customer will remember more of the letter than if it was solid blocks of writing. It is also more likely the customer reads the whole document rather than giving up after the first couple of lines if the writing is broken into manageable chunks. Letter number 3:New College Letter Layout The New College letter has a letterhead. It is in black and white. It has, like the Wickes and the Sports Shoes Letter got a logo and the letterhead does not come down further than 4 cm. It does not contain an Address in the letter, however it does have a contact number. The Business letter header has been printed in black and white. It makes the letter look less appealing than a letterhead in colour, but it is cost effective. The logo is in colour. Printing/Paper The paper is not expensive at all, it is standard printing paper like the Wickes letter. The letter has been printed out in black and white. It has been made to look professional by having a letterhead. It has been printed on normal non-expensive printing paper. This means the letter is not expensive to produce at all. The paper has no embossing or watermark on it, the letter has just been printed straight out onto normal paper as you would a report or a word document. Font/Writing style The font is a sans serif font, like the Wickes and the Sports Shoes Letter. It is Black text on white paper. It is medium sized text, about one point bigger than the other two letters. The company has emphasised the title of the letter by putting it in bold type and underlining it, it has also been put in capitals. No emphasising has been used to make any of the body text stand out. Content/Accuracy The content of the Letter is accurate; it contains no errors or miss spelt words. The letter has been set out in an appropriate manner, using paragraphs. The letter has not been created using mail merge, however it doesnt need to have been because it has been addressed to a group of people rather than an individual. It is a cheap and effective way to create the letter; this can only be done if there is no confidential information in the letter. The company has used paragraphs to break up the long text. The company has used fairly large text to make it easy on the eyes. 3 Conclusions Having analysed the three Business letters I have came up with the following conclusions that will help be when making my own Business Letter: 1. Always have a colour letterhead. 2. Do not make the letterhead come down the page more than 4 cm. 3. Use bold text and capital letters to emphasise phases and words. 4. Always include some contact information. 5. Always sign and print your name at the end of the letter. 6. Use paragraphs to break up the long text. 7. Use the most cost effective method of printing your letter. 8. Use mail merge if necessary to save time. Doing this analysis has equipped me well to carry on and do my own Business letter.

The Effectiveness Of Hand Washing Nursing Essay

The Effectiveness Of Hand Washing Nursing Essay This essay attempts to investigate whether hand washing is an effective technique in the prevention of the spread of infection. I will do this by analyzing the existing evidence in relation to the hierarchy of evidence. I will then use the Critical Skills Appraisal Programme (CASP) (2006) to discuss three studies, while looking at the related literature. Finally in the conclusion I will discuss how the evidence I have analyzed will affect my future practice. According to the centers of disease control (2002) hand washing is the simplest most effective measure for preventing the spread of bacteria, pathogens and viruses. Hamer (1999) reports evidence based practice aims to aid professionals in effective decision making to reduce ineffective, inappropriate possible hazardous practices. The strength of the hierarchy of evidence is that it acknowledges the valid contribution of evidence generated by a range of different types of research. However, hierarchies only provide a guide to the strength of the available evidence and other issues such as the quality of research also have an important influence (Evans, 2003). Cool et al 1992 suggest that the highest form of evidence available should be combined with the highest recommendation range as this suggests superior validity, applying these forms of evidence to practice should be considered. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) guide lines would support this idea that the use of evidence-based practice is appropriate and necessary within the clinical setting. According to Duffy (2008) reflection is a development process, which should benefit the heal th care professional and their practice as a result. The Gibbs (1988) reflection model will be used throughout this essay to help reflect on the chosen aspect of nursing. Gibbs model of reflection (1988) begins by giving a description of the event. While on placement I was caring for an elderly man. In a three hour period this patient had four episodes of a sudden need to have his bowels opened. Each time the stool appeared to be loose. After the third episode I told my mentor who told me to talk a sample the next time he had his bowels opened. We also made other members of the team aware of this. Following these episodes the patient began to vomit frequently. My mentor along with the senior nurse decided that the patient should be place in a side room to prevent the spread of a possible infection the patient may have. Once the patient had been transferred to his room all staff were to wear aprons and gloves when in the room and to wash their hands when leaving the room. My mentor explained to me that these steps were taken to prevent the spread of infection. I have decided to look at the evidence that suggests that hand hygiene helps to prevent the s pread of infection as from talking to other members of staff they knew they should wash their hands for infection control reasons but knew little more. The CASP (2006) tool will be used to appraise the chosen research. Search engines such as Internurse, Journal of advance nursing and Cochrane Collaboration were used. Three main bodies of research will be focused on throughout this essay. Ejemot RI et al (2009) carried out a systematic review to evaluate the effects of interventions to promote hand washing on diarrhea episodes in children and adults. Two authors independently assessed trial eligibility and risk of bias. In order for evidence based medicine to be practiced clinical expertise and clinical evidence from systematic reviews need to be combined (Sackett et al, 1997). Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were pooled using the generic inverse variance method and random-effects model with 95% confidence intervals (CI). This systematic review was carried out in 2009 with 14 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) meeting the inclusion criteria. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are perceived as the gold-standard evaluation method for evidence based medicine and the rest to be a lower level evidence (Fielding et al, 2008). The evidence within this journal is considered to have a high impact factor. The impact factor of a journal reflects the frequency with which the journal s articles are cited in the scientific literature (Saha et al, 2003). The impact factor is used to determine the quality of a piece of evidence (Garfield, 2005). Eight trials were institution-based in high-income countries (7711 participants), five were community-based in low or middle-income countries (8055 participants), and one was in a high-risk group (people with acquired immune deficiency syndrome), these sample sizes are adequate, however the trials were carried out in various countries such as China, Australia, Europe, and North America where resources and materials for hand washing are relatively available and accessible with the exception of China. This may hinder the results. Results showed a 39% reduction in diarrhoea episodes in children in institutions in high-income countries and a 32% reduction in episodes in children living in communities in low- or middle-income countries. The author acknowledges the need for longer follow up periods. Randle et al (2010) performed an observational study which measured healthcare workers (HCWs), patients and visitors hand hygiene compliance over a 24Â  hour period. The study took place in two hospital wards in 2010. This study monitored a total of 823 hand hygiene opportunities. 659 (80%) of these participants were HCWs, 75 (9%) for patients and 89 (11%) for visitors. Of the 659 hand hygiene opportunities available to HCWs, compliance by doctors was 47%, nurses 75%, ancillary nurses and other staff 59%, and allied health professionals 78%. For HCWs, compliance did not vary between the two wards but did by shift with compliance being lower in the morning shift. The author has recognized variables that may have affected the results such as profession, ward type, time of day, type of opportunity and patient or visitors. The author also sates the likelihood of HCWs being directly observed was very high. Such a bias might distort compliance percentages. The fact the study took place in one hospital may limit the findings as the specific infrastructure and organisation of work may influence behaviour. Direct observation is the gold standard to monitor compliance to optimal hand hygiene practice and we conducted observations using a previously validated hand hygiene observation tool. There are many advantages and disadvantages to using the direct observational technique. Evaluation brief (2008) state some of the disadvantages may be, observer bias, people usually perform better when they know they are being observed, although indirect observation may decrease this problem, Can be expensive and time-consuming compared to other data collection methods and does not increase your understanding of why people behave as they do. Advantages to the observational technique have been identified by DeWALT and DeWALT (2002) allows you to directly see what people do rather than relying on what people say they did which does not rely on peoples willingness or ability to provide i nformation. Burnett et al (2008) conducted a quantitative study which aimed to study exploring perceptions of nurses and patients towards patient hand hygiene and addressing current practice in relation to patients who were unable to independently perform their own hand hygiene. From the results of this study it is clears that patient hand hygiene is an important factor in controlling and preventing HCAI, but patients still remain unable to carry out this task independently as they are not given the opportunity to do so. Opportunities for hand decontamination were identified. The results showed, 57% opportunities before meal times, 21% opportunities following use of the commode at the bedside, 2% opportunities after using the urinal, 5% opportunities after visiting the toilet, 4% opportunities following vomiting and expectoration of sputum. Ethical considerations were made such as asking for consent. The senior charge nurse gave verbal consent for the study to take place on the various wards. St aff nurses who agree to take part in the studies completed questionnaires that remained anonymous. Patients who took part in this research were asked to provide written consent and finally all participants were given appropriate information explaining the intent of the study. The Human Rights Act protects the right to respect for private and family life and thus supports the need for consent to participate in research (Masson, 2004). All research involving NHS patients or staff or conducted on NHS premises have to be approved by a NHS Ethics Committee (Center of research ethical campaign, 2009).The study approved by The hospitals Committee on Medical Research Ethics. Banfield and Kerr (2005) suggest that patient hand hygiene as HCAI continue to rise despite hand hygiene research and the implementation of a multitude of intervention strategies, the author acknowledges that there were limitations to the study. Such limitations are that patients do not receive to opportunity to partici pate in correct hand hygiene procedure. The author also recommended that patient hand hygiene practices should become an important focus within infection control intervention strategies and consideration should be given to hand hygiene facilities when patients are unable to independently access hand washing sinks. In conclusion I have recognised that there is a large sum of evidence that can be applied to practice in relation to this topic. Appling evidence-based practice within the health care setting faces many barriers such as staff not having the time or means to access or critique data. The most valuable lesson I have learnt throughout this essay is that just because there is research on a topic does not mean that this piece of work is either valuable of credible. Due to this I have realised research should be analysed to determine whether the information is useful and can be applied in practice. From the papers I have analysed I have realised that hand washing is in fact the most effective way to prevent the spread of infection but factors such as environment time and profession can affect people from washing their hands effectively. From undertaking this assignment I feel that I will continue to access evidence which underpins our practice throughout my career.

Is Google Making Us Stupid?, by Nicholas Carr Essay example -- Is Goog

With the rise of technology and the staggering availability of information, the digital age has come about in full force, and will only grow from here. Any individual with an internet connection has a vast amount of knowledge at his fingertips. As long as one is online, he is mere clicks away from Wikipedia or Google, which allows him to find what he needs to know. Despite this, Nicholas Carr questions whether Google has a positive impact on the way people take in information. In his article â€Å"Is Google Making Us Stupid?† Carr explores the internet’s impact on the way people read. He argues that the availability of so much information has diminished the ability to concentrate on reading, referencing stories of literary types who no longer have the capacity to sit down and read a book, as well as his own personal experiences with this issue. The internet presents tons of data at once, and it is Carr’s assumption that our brains will slowly become wired to bett er receive this information. The article begins with the depiction of a scene from 2001: A Space Odyssey in which the astronaut Dave Bowman unplugs the supercomputer HAL. Carr uses this to tie in his feelings that, like HAL, someone or something is toying with the wiring of his brain. This is a strong emotional appeal. Carr intends to quickly gain his audience’s attention with the feeling of being â€Å"unplugged†, and possibly to gain the sympathies of readers who have felt a similar feeling. Carr proceeds to talk about how he can no longer become absorbed in an article or book, saying â€Å"my concentration often starts to drift after two or three pages.† Again, this works as a strong emotional appeal. English buffs - Carr’s likely primary audience - who read this article may agree... ...echniques employed are persuasive and subtle, and this allows Carr to take advantage of all emotional arguments at his disposal. In conjunction with sources pertinent to the topic, Carr’s emotional appeals seem to get his audience thinking, and from the article it is easy to agree with the points he has made. Carr’s use of logos and pathos does bring into question his ethos, however. Fortunately, Carr’s ethos should not be questioned, as he has written several books and articles on the topic. This does not excuse his bias, but it does permit him to speak on the topic at hand. Carr definitely presents himself as a strong literary figure, and his views on the internet are reasonable as well as relatable. This combination of ethos, pathos, and logos successfully allows Carr to write as an expert in this field, and his article and thoughts are not to be taken lightly.

Creative Writing – Life in the City

The day in the city is starting: Claustrophobia. Frustration. Overcrowded. Crushing. Swarming. Cacophonous. Obstreperous. Clamorous. Vociferous. The gloomy grey sky, with its heavy nimbostratus clouds, blocking all of the sun's rays from reaching the Earth. The smoke from the industrial factories polluting the atmosphere and smelling like a failed chemical experiment. The fridge-like coldness of the winter air freezing your face. Claustrophobia on the streets; commuters, shooting menacing glares at each other, attempt to rush to work. They fight their way past each other, determined to do anything they can to get to their destination. One businessman, dressed in a shirt and tie and clutching a black leather briefcase, is shoved back as the current of the swarm of people against him is too strong. The towering skyscrapers looking down at the strugglers in battle. Across the road, the unpleasant cacophony of cars blaring their horns is heard above everything else. Frustrated drivers, already late for work, bellowing at the ever-changing traffic lights and wide lorries blocking half of the road. The overpowering skyscrapers watch over the events; their roofs almost brushing the heavens. Hectic life in the city goes on and on, and feels as though it will never end, that the commuters will never stop fighting their way into work, that the car drivers will never stop cursing at the traffic, that the city will never be empty†¦ †¦Night time in the city. Empty. Deserted. Silent. In the charcoal black sky, the effulgent crescent moon, the glistening stars forming illuminating constellations, the flickering lights of a plane that glides through a sky like a hawk. Descending to the Earth, we observe the city in its now desolate state. Looking through a dimly lit, litter strewn alley, a homeless man crouches defensively, ready to go to sleep for the night. His scruffy, short, light brown hair covered with a worn out, chequered hat. His torn, tatty shirt and his trousers covered with holes both sizes too small for him. A few meters away, a rat scuttles over to the litter, scavenging around for food. Turning into the car park, we see that the once overflowing place full of resting vehicles of every size and shape, now contains nothing but the dormant parking meter that patrols the area. Standing on one leg and lining up in a straight row like soldiers, the street lights provide the only source of illumination, their one eye emitting a golden beam of shining light down on the dusty, cracked pavement below. Through the city park, the sea of trees is seen swaying gently in the whispering wind. Rippling reflections of the stars are shown in the peaceful pond. The vastest tree of the park comes into view with its narrow finger-like branches reaching skywards and brushing the heavens; its gnarled bark and broad trunk radiating infinite wisdom. The silent, harmonious noises of the city now amplified. The ticking of the clock tower, the rustle of the autumn leaves being softly blown down the road by the wind, the high pitched creaking of the iron gates to the car park. Soon the silent, tranquil city will be once again transformed into the blaring, claustrophobic city, and life in the city will start again.

Problem Of The Endometriosis Disease Health And Social Care Essay

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAIDs ) for illustration isobutylphenyl propionic acid or naproxen Na are normally administrated to alleviate catamenial cramping and pelvic hurting. Although they do non shrivel endometrial implants, they help to diminish prostaglandin productions which produce hurting esthesis. [ 4 ] Most of medical interventions available depend on break of estrogen endocrine production by the ovaries as Endometriosis occurs during menses. GnRH parallels and unwritten preventive pills are some illustrations of medicines. [ 4 ]Gonadotropin-releasing endocrine parallels ( GnRH parallels )These drugs are really effectual to cut down the size of Endometriosis implants besides relieve hurting. They inhibit regulative endocrines secernment from pituitary secretory organ and suppress estrogen production to halt menses. [ 4 ]Figure 2: GnRH parallels available in Gluteal injection, www.drugs.com/pro/risperdal-consta.htmlTo guarantee the success of the intervention, estrogen and Lipo-Lutin are taken to avoid side effects. [ 4 ] ( 135 )Oral preventive pillsThese are the most common combination of estrogen and Lipo-Lutin in the signifier of ( OCP ) to handle Endometriosis. Women with terrible catamenial hurting demand to take it continuously. [ 4 ] As a consequence, menses Michigans and this will liberate them from enduring the painful, straitening experience of Endometriosis. Other drugs used to handle adenomyosis:Danazol ( Danocrine )It is a type of man-made drug that produces a high androgen ( male endocrine ) but low estrogen ( female endocrine ) . It is proven that 80 % of adult females overcome the hurting with decrease of the Endometriosis implants ‘ size. [ 4 ] Furthermore, it is normally prescribed to cut down blood loss particularly during hypermenorrhea. [ 26 ] Womans holding liver, kidney, and bosom jobs are non recommended to take Danazol. [ 4 ]Figure 3: Danazol consequence, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.glowm.com/resources/glowm/graphics/figures/v5/0590/03.gif( 130 )B ) Surgical interventionIf medical interventions do non work, or Endometriosis is terrible, surgery is the concluding pick. It is applied on status where there is pelvic variety meats anatomic deformation, intestine or urinary piece of land obstructor. Surgery can be classified as conservative or unequivocal. The purpose of conservative is to continue the ovarian tissue and womb, while unequivocal involve hysterectomy ( uterus remotion ) with or without removable of both ovaries. [ 5 ] Laparoscopy is done in conservative surgery by utilizing optical maser to destruct Endometriosis sedimentations, take ovarian cysts, divide adhesions, and egest every bit small healthy tissue as possible. [ 6 ] Surgery is really effectual to cut down hurting, but the success to better bomber birthrate depends on the badness of the disease in the first topographic point. There is 60 % success rate of gestation for adult females with moderate Endometriosis, while merely 35 % opportunity for adult females with terrible disease. [ 6 ] [ 3 ]Figure 4: Laparoscopy: Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.monlezun.com/endo8.jp( 148 )Social and Economic DeductionsWomans enduring with Endometriosis normally do non recognize that they are holding the disease until they are affected severely by it. For them, the hurting is normal without seeing a doctor for cheque up. Patients will happen it hard to make any activities during that period. Plus, their emotions are in unstable status and this can take to emphasize to the single herself. [ 21 ] This might impact the relationship between the patients and the people around them. Besides that, loss of appetency will do them to lose weight and do their organic structures go weak due to miss of nutrition. In an article of Rapi Magazine, published on 15 April 2009, a patient named Nor Hasnilah said that the hurting was intense and affected her severely until she even can non travel to work. The lone thing she can make was lying on the bed and her duties as a female parent of two kids and a married woman were neglected. [ 21 ] Therefore supports from hubby, household members and friends are vitally of import for adult females covering with Endometriosis. Furthermore, sometimes these patients are sterile. [ 5 ] Inability of acquiring a kid will do the patient to be in a great hurt particularly for twosomes who have been married for several old ages. Taking medicines in which the side effects are sometimes hard to digest will be an obstruction for them and accordingly do the patient to lose hope. They may experience abashed and deficiency of assurance when confronting people or frustrated by deficiency of energy. This could take to serious societal impact and concerns to people around them. In add-on, the cost depends on the type of interventions chosen. Selected interventions such as utilizing the newer drugs like GnRH agonist and surgery are more expensive. The cost of surgery depends on patient ‘s venue and the extent of his/her surgery. In the U.S, typical outpatient laparoscopy is really dearly-won, normally in the scope of $ 12,000 to $ 15,000. It could be dual if extended surgery is done and the patient is admitted for a few yearss. [ 11 ] Hence, it would do immense fiscal load and major economic impact to the household. ( 359 )Benefits and HazardsNSAIDs are truly effectual to alleviate hurting and do non necessitate other medicines if they do work. However, frequent used of these drugs will advance the development of ulcers and Gastrointestinal piece of land shed blooding. Such effects could be monitored carefully by doctors since the drugs were being administered under them. [ 27 ] GnRH parallels and Aromatase inhibitors work efficaciously to alleviate hurting and shrivel the size of Endometriosis implants. Lack of estrogen production due to these drugs will do osteoporosis, weariness, temper alterations, and vaginal waterlessness. Usually physician will give pill incorporating little sum of estrogen and Lipo-Lutin to avoid most of the side effects. [ 4 ] Enough Ca consumptions besides are needed to forestall osteoporosis. Drug like OCP helps to alleviate hurting by stamp downing estrogen formation and halt menses. Weight addition, chest tenderness, depression, and irregular uterine hemorrhage are some of the hazards. [ 4 ] Patients are advised to take balance diet to acquire adequate foods and exercise on a regular basis to avoid weight addition and to cut down emphasis. Breast tenderness and irregular hemorrhage are merely mild side effects. So patients should be carefully monitored by doctor to avoid even terrible effects. ( 190 ) Statisticss shows that 75 % adult females develop side effects after taking Danazol. [ 4 ] The hazards are:Figure 5: Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //images.rxlist.com/images/rxlist/synarel-endo2.gifHowever the alterations are reversible. Danazol works efficaciously to alleviate hurting and cut down the size of Endometriosis implants. [ 4 ] Hirsutism can be treated by local remotion of unwanted hair [ 29 ] while practising healthy life style such as exercising and proper consumptions of foods can get the better of other jobs. Basically all of medicines have their ain benefits and hazards. The opportunity for Endometriosis to repeat after surgery can be every bit high as 40 % . [ 5 ] Careful observation by doctor is needed although the implants have been removed. It is critical to educate and actuate patients about the hazards. ( 139 )Alternate SolutionsAcupuncture and Herb teas TreatmentsHerbal medical specialty uses medicative workss applied internally and externally to bring around disease. Herbs work by heightening the organic structure ‘s immune system with natural attack. The use of herbs with modern intervention boosts the effectivity to handle Endometriosis. [ 9 ] Combination of herbal expression and stylostixis points are chosen harmonizing to the person ‘s Traditional Chinese Medicine diagnosing and different for each individual. Some common stylostixis points for Endometriosis intervention can be located on ears, venters, carpuss, pess, and legs by utilizing acerate leafs for 20 to 45 proceedingss. [ 9 ] These combinations help to ease the free flow of energy through the organic structure besides aid to smooth blood flow, interrupt up stagnancy and halt hurting. Each point and herb chosen has its ain curative importance in Endometriosis intervention. [ 9 ] â€Å" Great for intestine related hurting I have found that Chinese herbs and stylostixis aid tremendously in bracing the intestine, and therefore cut downing hurting ( along with a dairy free diet ) . † Posted over 6 old ages ago ( 10/24/03 )Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.revolutionhealth.com/drugs-treatments/rating/acupuncture-for-endometriosisNaturopathyIt is besides known as ‘natural medical specialty ‘ ( the power of organic structure to mend itself ) . It requires 6-12 months period of intervention depending on the badness and continuance of the status [ 25 ] . It is a holistic attack since adenomyosis plan in Naturopathy considers the patient ‘s diet, lifestyle, cleansing and endocrine reconciliation herbs, including hurting alleviation ‘s herbs and external readyings to clear toxicity in abdominal country. Furthermore, instructions for soft exercising plan are besides included. [ 9 ] This intervention will success if dietetic and lifestyle alterations are followed purely by the patients to forestall reoccurrences. Combination of diet and non-invasive therapies are conducted to heighten mending procedure. [ 9 ] ( 272 )AromatherapyAromatherapy uses the natural aromatic facets of workss into indispensable oils ; extracted from the seeds, barks, foliages and roots. It operates both through the sense of odor and within the organic structure. [ 9 ]Figure 6: Partss of workss used, hypertext transfer protocol: //www.frienvis.nic.in/Bulletinwork/26.jpgMassage oil is prepared with indispensable oils before rubbed on the tegument. The indispensable oils work by absorbing through the cell tissue and into the blood stream throughout the organic structure. Organs and organic structure systems interact straight with these oils through massage done by the aroma healer. [ 9 ] Furthermore for Endometriosis intervention, different indispensable oils with different chemical composing belongingss used can develop healthy digestion, prevent insomnia, hike immune system, back up generative system, and rebalance endocrine system. [ 9 ] Therefore, it is proven to get the better of residuary effects of Endometriosis. ( 135 )EvaluationMedical interventions by utilizing different types of drugs have been found to handle Endometriosis efficaciously by stamp downing estrogen production hurting and shrivel the Endometriosis implants from mention hypertext transfer protocol: //www.medicinenet.com/endometriosis/page4.htm. This beginning is dependable since it besides agrees with many other beginnings. One of them is http: //www.endo-resolved.com/treatment.html which states, â€Å" Danazol – is a mild signifier of the male endocrine testosterone and reduces the sum of estrogen produced by the ovaries to around the same degree as during climacteric † . Both of these beginnings are dependable since they provide in-depth information, support and instruction related to Endometriosis. Furthermore, these web sites contain tonss of reappraisal articles and researches on Endometriosis. The web Endo Resolved is managed and written by Carolyn Levett, a Registered Integrative Humanistic Counsellor, au thor and besides a qualified Supervisor and Group Therapist [ 14 ] . Therefore, she must be really familiar with the disease through extended research, experienced from her clients and reading on Endometriosis. I besides found the book entitled ‘New Guide to Medicines & A ; Drugs ‘ which mentioned â€Å" inordinate blood loss ( hypermenorrhea ) , pain during menses ( dysmenorrhoea ) , and straitening physical and psychological symptoms happening prior to menses necessitate medical interventions † . This beginning besides agrees to the beginning ‘Handbook of Pharmacy Health-Care ‘ which states â€Å" the symptoms of adenomyosis are varied, but normally include dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, hypermenorrhea, instermenstrual pelvic hurting, and back hurting † ; a brief account. Both of these beginnings are trusted since the first book mentioned was edited by Professor John A. Henry and approved by the British Medical Association while the 2nd book emphasises information about the interventions published by The Pharmaceutical Press, undoubted beginnings. Accumulative word count: ( 1913 words )

My wish for the world

According to the Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, ‘world' means the earth with all its countries, people and natural features around us. Now, the world is craving for freedom. Can't people these days hear the earth's cry? It cry saying ‘I want peace, I want no pollution, I want the rivers to run free and I want my nature back! The only thing man can care about is themselves. Nothing else. They don't realize it until one day they suffer. My wish for the world is simple like everyone else writing this wants it to be. I wish that the world is free from pollution. Pollution is the process of making air, water and many other things dirty. There are many type of pollutions such as air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution. Air pollution is harmful to all living organisms on this earth. Air pollution can exist in many type of states such as open burning, release of carbon monoxide from vehicles, cigarettes smoke and factories and haze. This may lead to many type of sickness such as difficulty in breathing, sore throat, cough, blurriness of vision and many more. The effects of air pollution on the earth are green house effects, global warming and the thinning of the ozone layer. Ways to overcome this problem are filtration of smoke before being released into the environment, a person who does open burning should be fined and vehicles should use catalytic converter. Water pollution can happen with the spilling of oil in the sea, toxic substances being thrown into the river and many more. The effects of this is that many aquatic creatures will die and extinct since the layer of oil covering it will block the oxygen from entering the water. Besides that, the fisherman will lose his daily income and we will lose our main source of protein. Ways to overcome this problem are ships that does oil spilling should be fined and the laws should be tightened. I also wish the world would always be in peace. Everyone wishes a peaceful world. But if the war continues, the world will be destroyed. War occurs when countries are not satisfied with what they have. They always want more which is a necessary to them. Their wish to rule other countries and widen their empires also causes war. For example, the war against Iraq and America. The need of oil to America has forced them to invade Iraq. This war is also caused by misunderstanding among leaders. Unlike Malaysia, Iraqians are living in misery because of lack of food. Malaysians live in peace and harmony. If all countries were like Malaysia, I am sure the world would be in peace forever. Furthermore, I wish that there would be no extinction in fauna. When an animal extinct, that means that no member of its species exist anymore anywhere in the world. Species extinct because of not being able to cope with the environment changes such as pollution and species evolution or hunters. The most unnatural phenomenon that causes animal to extinction is man's need to hunt animals for their parts. This is because there is a demand for animal parts such as fur and other medicinal purposes. Among the animal that used to exist but now are extinct are the auroches, dodo bird, woolly mammoth, dinosaurs, quagga, Tasmanian tiger and Steller's sea cow. Among the animals now on the endangered list are elephants, great apes, marine turtles, monarch butterflies, panda bears, American pikas, polar bears, rhinoceroses, snow leopard, tigers, whales and dolphins. There are many type of ways to solve this problem such as there are various organizations and bodies in each country that work towards conserving wildlife as well as protecting endangered animals. In some countries, work is done to help certain animals mate in the hope of procreating more of their species. If we play our part by not creating a demand on such products on animal parts, then the hunting will stop. This means that we have to stop buying fur products, alligator skin bags and shoes and even traditional medicines that use animal parts. Man is the main reason why most animal are becoming extinct. We are killing the animals for our own selfish needs whether directly or indirectly. I wish the people in the world would appreciate nature and take good care of it so that in the future there will be no extinction. Malaysia's forests have been home to many great animals over the years. However, due to the development, deforestation and man, certain species of flora and fauna have dwindled in number. If we could learn how to live close to nature and love it, definitely there wouldn't be any extinction. If extinctions continue, there wouldn't be any animals or plants left. Then, man will lose their source of food. We should understand that whenever nature is harmed, mankinds are the ones who is going to be most affected. I also wish that natural disasters wouldn't happen. Natural disasters are phenomenon which can cause death, destruction and leave harmful effects. So far, natural disasters have taken lives of billions including plants and animals. For instance, the tsunami tragedy which happened in December 2004. it took the lives of billions. The tsunami waves hit Jakarta, Sri Lanka, India and Malaysia. Many believe that this is a sign showing that our earth and the God are angry with us for destroying living plants and animals. By now, we should realize our mistakes and stop all activities that are destroying the earth. Because if we don't, we will pay for our mistakes when time comes. The world is a place for all living organisms and everybody should appreciate it by preventing the world from destruction in time to come. Lastly, I hope that all my wish for the world will come true.