Manage Performance Management Systems Case Study

Oversee Performance Management Systems - Case Study Example As the contextual investigation lets us know, Samantha's presentation was not good either because of a deficiency in amount or an absence of value. The circumstance for emphatically against Samantha and taking advantage of the lucky break, Peter terminated her. Anyway this wasn't the most ideal procedure to fire a representative. Subside ought to have arranged Samantha in front of the end that her presentation wasn't sufficient and she should build her proficiency to keep up her place in the organization. This negative fortification would have persuaded Samantha to work more earnestly and would have cautioned her about what could occur. Along these lines if her exhibition would not have expanded, her end would set in as a programmed procedure as opposed to a stun. Evaluation of a worker did not depend entirely on the yield created by that representative. Different factors, for example, experience of the worker, number of years served in the organization, future estimation of the representative to the organization all should come into thought when a representative is being assessed. Subside is submitting a mix-up by just making a decision about the amount and the nature of the yield. There could be an assortment of reasons why Samantha's yield isn't up to the norm. It could be a direct result of the sort of work that is male situated or perhaps Samantha is pained by outside sources which influences her presentation at work. So in this manner Peter ought to think about variables and dissect how those elements may be influencing Samantha's exhibition instead of simply taking a gander at the outcome. Another misstep that Peter is submitting here is that the choice taken is excessively unexpected. He should thoroughly consider the end procedure with more detail and data. Something else that Peter should investigate when assessing is to counsel other individual individuals about the individual being evaluated. This would help recognize the difficult territories and furthermore give a superior thought of the representative's circumstance. Q3) As referenced before, Peter has not broke down the circumstance plainly. He ought to have had arranged a full advancement report on Samantha's work since she's been working with the organization. Doing this would have given Peter a more clear picture about Samantha's circumstance and the purpose behind her low execution. Diminish additionally ought to have surrendered a heads to Samantha about her conceivable end so as to set up her for her terminating. The gathering could have been held in an alternate way like an individual gathering instead of simply being an exhibition examination to give it an all the more thinking about Samantha. Not setting up a notice for Samantha, Peter has now got himself in a knot. He needs to fire Samantha yet is kept down by her tears. The circumstance requires a deferment for the quick end. Samantha ought to be given a period of 2 months to perform better than the standard so as to recover misfortunes Peter needed to acquire as a result of her wastefulness. During this period Samantha must perform better or she will be terminated from her present place of employment at the organization. Giving an effortlessness period to Samantha will empower her to perform better to spare her truly necessary activity and it would likewise go about as a notice and preliminary exercise. Contextual investigation 12.2 Q1) Worker assessment is an evaluation of representatives dependent on their own qualities and their exhibition at work. This assessment should be cordial all together for the representatives to feel quiet. Chan committed many errors in his representative assessment. Above all else Chan is excessively haughty

should cookies be banned :: essays research papers

Throughout the years web security has been significant concern around the world. Indeed, even with such cutting edge innovation we still can’t impeccable the interruption innovation. Be that as it may, first before we attempt to boycott treats we ought to acknowledge what we will in general free. All treats are not meddling but rather a route apparatus too. Web treats are incredibly important to purchasers and site administrators the same, regardless of worries that they undermine web users’ individual protection. Without treats, the Internet would be more slow, the electronic commercial center, a troublesome spot to explore and the whole online experience baffling. The Internet Alliance urges legislators not to direct treats yet to work with industry to address the basic issues: protection and security. Together we should make shoppers on how aware of utilization innovation and presence of mind to ensure their very own protection on the web. To start with, it is critical to comprehend what treats are and how they advantage the internet browser. A treat is a little snippet of data that is sent to your program when you get to a specific site. At the point when a treat shows up, your program spares this data to your hard drive; when you come back to that website, a portion of the put away data is sent back to the web server. Yet, a treat isn't an executable program; it can't filter your hard drive or be utilized to discover data you have not given the site. Without treats, a shopper in an online book shop, for instance, couldn't place things in a shopping bin. Every thing would need to be chosen and bought independently. The normal act of refining questions through a web index would not be conceivable on the grounds that without a treat, there would be no record of the past inquiry. Treats likewise permit web servers to gather and include explicit information about a customer and their perusing propensities. Some utilization that information to send advertising data to buyers. It is this training raises protection concerns. The Internet Alliance accepts that customers ought to have the option to set the degree of security they need when riding the Web. In the event that they need to be unknown, they ought to have that right. No one but innovation can make that conceivable. Just an informed customer, equipped with innovation can set up genuine online security assurance. So what should shoppers do? Initially, Web servers can and do follow who visits their webpage. They gather data. So perusing propensities decide the treat you get, who approaches your data and what publicizing you get.

Great Gatsby Essay -- essays research papers

Perhaps the greatest dread in this day and age is the dread of not fitting into society. Individuals of all age gatherings and foundations share this dread. Numerous people accept that to get someone's fondness, they should absorb into that individual's general public. Jay Gatsby, similar to any typical individual, needs to fit into society. His affections for Daisy cause him to endeavor to accomplish that objective. In the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Jay Gatsby endeavors to fit into Daisy's general public using any and all means accessible. The main way Jay brings in enough cash to empower him to have the option to live approach Daisy is by bootlegging, a criminal behavior. Tom, Daisy's significant other, uncovers reality with regards to Gatsby's business, " I discovered what your 'sedate stores' were†¦He and this Wolfshiem purchased up a great deal of side-road medicate stores here and in Chicago and sold grain liquor over the counter. That is one of his schemes. I picked him for a racketeer the first occasion when I saw him and I wasn't far wrong."(141) Gatsby needs to absorb so severely that he carries out wrongdoings so as to get rich rapidly. His adoration for Daisy mists his brain. Jay is eager to effectively win Daisy. Gatsby bamboozles himself to abstain from tolerating the way that Daisy wouldn't like to leave Tom: "'She's not leaving me!' Tom's words out of nowhere inclined down over Gatsby. 'Positively not for a typical deceiver who'd need to take the ring he put on her finger.' "(140) Once again the peruser is helped to remember Gatsby's ability to do anything t...

The Diary Of Anne Frank By Anne Frank Essay Example For Students

The Diary Of Anne Frank By Anne Frank Essay In 1942, when the Nazis started to attack their nation, the Frank family sought total isolation in a storage room of a distribution center. The Franks little girl, Anne, kept a journal all through their shocking experience. Minutes before the Franks were caught in their concealing spot following a two-year remain, Anne wrote in her journal the words, regardless of everything, I despite everything accept that individuals are great on a basic level.; Even however Anne endured so much her mental fortitude and character just became more grounded. Before Anne Frank sought total isolation, she drove a joyful and glad life. She was constantly encircled by companions and her family was wealthy. She was torn away from her bliss and put into the brutal and unfeeling truth of the Nazi plan at just thirteen years old. This simply because she was Jewish. She stayed secured up in the storage room of the stockroom for just about twenty-five months, always being unable to step outside. Such restraint and life of dread would make practically any youngster totally discouraged and increasingly hopeless that words could communicate. Be that as it may, Anne figured out how to save trust in a superior tomorrow and her regard for mankind. We will compose a custom article on The Diary Of Anne Frank By Anne Frank explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Anne offered an extremely incredible expression in her final words. To really accept something like this in the wake of being manhandled by the Nazis is very noteworthy without a doubt. I am extremely certain that the vast majority, including myself, would have imagined that the world was a totally degenerate and people are normally merciless if theyd have experienced such occasions. I accept that Anne can say something like this in view of her extraordinary unselfishness and love for all of G-ds animals. I additionally accept that if Anne could have written in her journal after she had gone to the inhumane imprisonment, she would have said precisely the same thing. Due to her sprightliness and undying fearlessness, Anne had the option to keep up the spirits and the expectations of her family. Her endless love for all individuals was filled by the way that she could never let anyones mercilessness and force carry her spirits to the ground. Through the entirety of her enduring Annes character just became more grounded and progressively decided. . The journal of anne candid by anne straight to the point Essay Example For Students The journal of anne candid by anne straight to the point Essay In 1942, when the Nazis started to attack their nation, the Frank family sought total isolation in a storage room of a distribution center. The Franks girl, Anne, kept a journal all through their frightful difficulty. Minutes before the Franks were caught in their concealing spot following a two-year remain, Anne wrote in her journal the words, disregarding everything, I despite everything accept that individuals are great on a basic level. Despite the fact that Anne endured so much her fearlessness and character just became more grounded. Before Anne Frank sought total isolation, she drove a merry and blissful life. She was constantly encircled by companions and her family was wealthy. She was torn away from her bliss and put into the unforgiving and coldblooded truth of the Nazi motivation at just thirteen years old. This simply because she was Jewish. She stayed secured up in the upper room of the distribution center for right around twenty-five months, always being unable to step outside. Such restraint and life of dread would make practically any youngster totally discouraged and progressively hopeless that words could communicate. In any case, Anne figured out how to save trust in a superior tomorrow and her regard for mankind. We will compose a custom exposition on The journal of anne forthright by anne straight to the point explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Anne offered an incredible expression in her final words. To really accept something like this in the wake of being mishandled by the Nazis is very astounding in fact. I am exceptionally certain that the vast majority, including myself, would have imagined that the world was a totally degenerate and people are normally savage if theyd have experienced such occasions. I accept that Anne can say something like this in light of her incredible unselfishness and love for all of G-ds animals. I likewise accept that if Anne could have written in her journal after she had gone to the death camp, she would have said precisely the same thing. In light of her happiness and undying fearlessness, Anne had the option to keep up the spirits and the expectations of her family. Her ceaseless love for all individuals was energized by the way that she could never let anyones remorselessness and power carry her spirits to the ground. Through the entirety of her enduring Annes character just became more grounded and progressively decided. .

Instructions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Directions - Assignment Example These exhibitions incorporate a few components of Western and Eastern societies combined. They are expressive and passionate; yet they have some trancelike highlights which comprehend their being on the planet. It appears that a few artists nearly don't move; be that as it may, one needs to comprehend that static stances are in some cases increasingly troublesome that dynamic movements. The costumers, music, lighting and embellishments bolster every exhibition and make essential settings where movement of the move can be comprehended by observers. It is hard to discuss Shen Wei Dance Arts  performances by and large in light of the fact that every one of them is one of a kind. This is the situation when another theoretical workmanship renders postmodern comprehension of life where the lines among great and awful, excellent and terrible are obscured. It is a blend of something individuals ordinarily don't join and a new perspective on workmanship and move in

Grendels journal Essaypilot

Explain the communication problems you are having with the humans and why the 12-year war is as a result of misunderstanding Communication with the humans proves to be an issue. Im unable to make friends with the human due to the fact that there exists a barrier that makes me fail to comprehend their ways of communication (Gardner 25). From my understanding, I feel that human possess the tendency to rush over things without fast putting much concentration through and over the issue. Perhaps my accent is difficult to be comprehended by the humans, or my voice gets in gowls. I felt that the humans do not really understand me, I think that the language they speak is my own though spoken in a strange manner. For instance, when I shouted pig not even a single human took time to listen, the war is hence as a result of the lack to understand one another. Human attack me even when they do not know what I want, they make assumptions about themselves that I mean harm to them. Without a reliable way of communicating, thy force me to fight them.   I sank to my knees, yelling friend! Friend! Yet the human only yanked at me yipping like scamps Milosh et al (pg.52). When I in asking for peace, they humans do not interpret the message as expected, and they conclude it to be a ferocious roar and occasion drive their strengths to fight me, which I retaliate in personal defense. I think the humans are shaken by my strange shape that is strung beside the tree, responding by springing into violence against me. The beasts also fail to show attention and acceptance towards me. The bull strikes me uncontrollably against the tree. Defend your terrorizing of the Danes relate how it has resulted in good deeds The celebrations of the people, while they showed recognition to the great works of their King, disturbs me. Out of agony, I take a step to punish them. It is not that it is good practice to attack a human, but their manner of enjoyment acts as a distraction to the neighboring. A reason that can make any person like to quiet the noises. Every night I would terrorize them, but after all there cam the warrior (Beowulf) and he fight me in order to make the people live in peace without having to fear (Ogilvy Jack 372). I feel that the defeat of the warrior reinstated the peace that was prevailing the place before. The Danes are delighted yet again, and the young mans reputation spreads in the entire kingdom. With the peace of the people restored, he goes back to his country. Discuss the shaper and the role he plays in some of your actions The shaper is a representation of the potential hidden in the confines of art aimed at changing the way humans view themselves as well as the world that they are living in. He is an important character in the play and defines some of the actions that Im involved in. The character is an old man. Although he has some abnormality (blind), he arrives at Hrothgar as claims that he can perform singing sessions if only he can be giv en some few pounds. Through him, it is possible to make an exploration of the art, beauty, and language concepts. Through the songs he dances, he becomes an inspiration to the men of Hrothgar and becomes a propagator of the ideology of heroism, religion, and justice. He acts as a figure to be respected, and more important Hrothgar build a great mead hall as an inspiration for the character. To me, I feel that shaper, as the name depicts, he possesses the ability and strength to influence changes in the world. I feel that he is a character who is responsible for creating a sense of order in the society. He has the potential to define beauty and give a meaning to life from the chaotic state of the universe. Im more fascinated and greatly enticed by the colorfulness of the arts that shaper makes (Nitzsche 290). Although the art is amusing, I am also enraged since I know that it is false and it inhibits a huge chunk of lies in it. Nonetheless, I feel that they dislike a have towards to arts of the old man as a result of some jealousy. The reason behind it is because I wish to be a member of the comm unity that the old man has unified through his works. The shaper is a possessor of real authority, and I feel that he is able to make real things happen, an example is his influence on the construction of the Hart. Retell the battle with Unferth. Explain Unferth has no great influence in the works, but we have similar characteristics in that we are both doomed. Although I am not directly guilty as Unferth, we suffer the same consequences (Malmberg 242). He is however characterized with the killing of kin, an action that makes him lack the interest to be featured in most part of the paper. Although the character is not established in details, the act of killing kinds makes it possible to reveal who he is and his role in the play. In order to build his reputation Unferth tries to engage me in a fight. The main reason for him wanting us to fight is because he wants not to be remembered as an infant killer. His challenge to fight me comes later after the arrival of Beowulf. He abuses the visitors at the banquet, a behavior that is against the code of conduct of the place. He makes an accusation to Beowulf as a lad because he entered into a swimming competition with a young boy called Breca (Lumians ky 547). At this point Beowulf retaliated by accusing him that his fame only lies on the history that he murdered his brothers. We are hence engaged in the fight of which he emerges as the winner. After the fight he accepts to admit the superiority of Beowulf. Works Cited Gardner, John. Grendel. New York: Alfred A. (1971). 23-45.Lumiansky, Robert M. The Dramatic Audience in Beowulf. The Journal of English and Germanic Philology 51.4 (1952): 545-550. Malmberg, Lars. Grendel and the Devil. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen (1977): 241-243.Milosh, Joseph, and John Gardner. John Gardners Grendel: Sources and Analogues. Nitzsche, Jane C. The structural unity of Beowulf: the problem of Grendels mother. Texas Studies in literature and language 22.3 (1980): 287-303. Ogilvy, Jack David Angus. Unferth: Foil to Beowulf?. Publications of the Modern Language Association of America (1964): 370-375.

How to Find Middle School Persuasive Essay Samples Online

How to Find Middle School Persuasive Essay Samples Online You would like your paper to be noticed, meaning you don't wish to select the effortless topic and have your paper reflect precisely the same thing every one's paper does. Everyone wants some strong ideas that can be linked with your idea, that's why you will need to hook examples together with theoretical ones. Just be certain that it is something which you require, not just something which you desire in the brief term. Discuss about the future of style promotion. Possessing a particular topic will allow you to be focused as you make research on the materials you have to assemble information. Physical wellness is valuable, obviously. Working to an argumentative essay when you're learning first steps, isn't an easy undertaking to do. It's therefore, essential to take more care in the total procedure of writing a persuasive piece. The goal of a persuasive essay is to analyze a particular matter whilst trying to conv ince readers about a sensible idea. As a result, if you're fighting to compose a thesis statement for a persuasive essay and you would love to understand how to compose a thesis statement for a persuasive essay, keep in mind your thesis may include personal views and perceptions towards the subject. Don't forget that a thesis statement for a persuasive essay needs to have a claim that may be disputed by other people. In such situations, finding persuasive essays is truly challenging. After you choose a topic, you should answer the query and after that substantiate your response with three or more motivations as to why you think like that. For example, let's say you select the very first topic from our list. Go right to the point and emphasize the significance of your request. Top Middle School Persuasive Essay Samples Choices Children watch an excessive amount of television. To comprehend how women are portrayed as activists, it is crucial to have knowledge on the plot of the film. Women in the film are unwavering and prepared to provide their precious aid in a dire circumstance. You definitely cannot ignore the advantages that students utilizing persuasive essay examples receive. It's definitely tricky to deal with a circumstance when you're charged by means of a teacher for plagiarism and eliminate respect in her or his eyes, apart from unexplainably lower grades. Making the completion of private finance coursework a requirement for graduation would guarantee that young folks are at least aware of the fundamentals of keeping a financial stability. There are many persuasive essay examples college students are able to make use of online. If you're already searching for persuasive essay examples online, you most likely have a somewhat vague idea on how best to begin writing. You can search for a persuasive essay example and utilize it like a guide in writing of own essay. How can you compose a fantastic argumentative essay. The greatest persua sive short essays often concentrate on controversial problems. It's possible for you to write a persuasive essay on just about any topic as long as you take the proper strategy. There are a few great topics to take into account when deciding on a topic for your argumentative essay. You should select one of these subjects as the subject of your argumentative essay. The same is relevant for top essay writers. There's, naturally, a limit on the variety of pages even our finest writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but usually, we can satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. ForA commercial purposes, persuasive writing can be employed to achieve the interest of the audience about a particular product or assistance. The increasing number of essay writing services is wholly overwhelming. Whether you wish to address an issue with your bank or you need someone that will help you or do something for you, Persuasive letters can receive the work done. In the same way, the family that hid Anne almost experienced many modification s, although they were Christians. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. 5th grade students are no doubt mature enough to take part in persuasive arguments and it's important to teach them how to take part in persuasive arguments and conversations using facts directed at convincing other people to buy in their views and opinion. Moreover, girls who play sports have been demonstrated to have less an inclination towards suicide and depression generally. For girls, having balanced mental wellness is critical to getting a thriving academic career. Quite often, individuals may say that war does not really change children's lives, particularly if they aren't living close to the war, or if their family isn't directly affected by it. Since you may see, war caused many children to need to change the ways they lived.

The Comedic Tragedy Of A Tragic Comedy - 1590 Words

The Comedic Tragedy of a Tragic Comedy William Shakespeare was always known for the vast range of narrative skills that his writing exemplified. When one thinks of his plays a plethora of different genres come to mind. Shakespeare had a knack for writing plays that could be classified by genres on each end of the spectrum and in between as well. His repertoire includes heartfelt comedies, all the way to the other extreme, which are drama-filled tragedies. Each genre brings about a necessity for different literary devices as well as some unique language that can influence the plot in many different ways. Shakespeare has an interesting way of fusing those two genres together, and sometimes even totally changing the genre throughout the story and having it end as a totally different genre than what it started out as. This technique gives the piece of work entirely new depth as well as a new angle where the plot could take a turn. The outcome of this is that the reader can never be sure how a Shakespearean play will end, thus, instilling in the reader a sense of wonder and mystery as they read through the play. Specifically, in his early and arguably most famous play, Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare gives you a common comedy of two star-crossed lovers, destined to be united in love and subtly turns it into a tragedy that ends terribly for the two of them. When the themes and plot points in Romeo and Juliet are analyzed it can be inferred that had Shakespeare stuck to theShow MoreRelatedComparing Jez Butterworth s 2009 Traditional Three Act1097 Words   |  5 Pagestraditional three-act play â€Å"Jerusalem† is composed of both comedic and tragic elements. Through what initially seems a play with â€Å"hilarious comedic routines† at the beginning, as it progresses, Butterworth inter winds â€Å"darker undertones†, such as sexual abuse and underage drinking. By the end of act 3, the audience is faced with an inconclusive ending which we can only a ssume is Johnny s suicide, showing that the play can no longer be just a comedy. As Charles Spencer writing for the Daily Telegraph inRead MoreMeasure for Measure: The Dark Comedy829 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dark Comedy of Measure for Measure nbsp; Measure for Measure, the last of Shakespeares great comedies, is also the darkest of his comedies, and represents his transition to tragic plays. This play differs from Shakespeares other comedies, and is in many ways more akin to tragedy than to comedy. In setting, plot, and character development Measure for Measure has a tragic tone, however, because none of the main characters actually loses his life, this play is considered a comedy. nbsp;Read MoreDifferences Between a Tragedy and Comedy672 Words   |  3 Pagesthe differences of tragedy and comedy From what I can tell the difference between a good comedy and a good tragedy are the effects of the audiences intended to see or read. There are a few key differences that change them from one genre to the next and these differences really only rely on the hero to separate them from â€Å"comedy† to â€Å"tragedy†. What I notice is in the comedy the hero is normally playful and funny to a degree or at least until he is needed to take on a really serious role which evenRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1306 Words   |  6 PagesAs outlined in Aristotle’s Poetics, tragedies are meant to follow a specific structure. In a tragedy, heroic characters often give in to their various flaws and end up dying as a consequence, resulting in an outpouring of grief from the audience. Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet is often cited as a prominent example of the tragical genre, with Romeo’s crime of passion against Tybalt resulting in the complication of his relationship with Juliet, and ultimately, the duo’s demise. However, despiteRead MoreComedy is an important aspect in Thomas King’s short story, â€Å"A Short History of Indians in Canada†,1600 Words   |  7 PagesComedy is an important aspect in Thomas King’s short story, â€Å"A Short History of Indians in Canada†, as well as Ernest Hemingway’s short story, â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place.† The differing purposes of humour in these two short stories are what separates them in terms of the effect comedy has on the writing. Thomas King integrates satire, a form of humourous ridicule, to convey the inability of the Native population to adapt to white civilization and the demeaning, yet normal opinion that the whiteRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream And Romeo And Juliet1502 Words   |  7 Pages The Shakespearean notion of comedy and tragedy have been interpreted by countless critics as absolute contra dictions of one another. For instance, there is a belief that the everlastingly romantic tale of Romeo and Juliet is unambiguously a tragedy, just as A Midsummer Night’s Dream is undoubtedly a comedy. Each possesses separate, defining, characteristics which drastically alter the storyline of a play, and develop the end into either one of comedic proportion: in which there is the promise ofRead MoreWilliam Beckett s Waiting For Godot947 Words   |  4 Pagesacts of comedy are dispersed through the tragedy. which provides a physical act to be performed on stage, as well as expanding the depth of the ideas presented. Beckett uses the tragicomedy style to demonstrate how tragedy and comedy are two of the most important parts of life, and to provide a shocking and stark contrast between ideas presented in the play. Dramatically, the comedic moments offset the gloom around the characters. The actors use the few props they have to mix the comedy into theRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream And The Taming Of The Shrew1254 Words   |  6 PagesA comedic story can be summed up as one thing; a hero who triumphs over evil and wins the day. In these tales, our main character encounters around one hardship and overcomes it with much ease. The ancient Greek playwrights had a similar view on comedic tales: in order for something to be a comedy, the main character must reach a positive outcome. So no matter what comes their way, our hero will be in a better spot than he was at the beginning. Well-known comedies include A Midsummer Night s DreamRead MoreEssay on Comedy vs. Tragedy876 Words   |  4 Pagesall his works, the most popular styles were comedies and tragedies. These polar opposites appealed to many because of the way they brought the story to life. The same story written in both of these styles could have a completely different effect on the audience based on the style used. Although completely dissimilar, the two styles did have some similarities, which kept them in the Shakespearian style. Shakespeare’s more widely known comedy and tragedy, The Twelfth Night and Macbeth, respectivelyRead MoreThe Differences Between Comedy and Tragedy996 Words   |  4 PagesThe Differences Between Comedy and Tragedy â€Å"Comedy is tragedy plus time.† – Lester in Crimes and Misdemeanors (Rayner Online). â€Å"Satire is tragedy plus time. You give it enough time the public the reviewers will allow you to satire it. Which is rather ridiculous when you think about it.† – Lenny Bruce (Rayner Online). â€Å"Tragedy is when I cut my finger. Comedy is when you fall into a sewer and die.† – Mel Brooks in 2000 Year Old Man (Rayner Online). There are many people who share the opinions

How to Read an Italian Menu

If you’ve been to the Northern regions of Italy such as the Laghi region of Como and Garda and the Southern regions such as the Amalfi Coast and Sicily, you know that the items on restaurant menus won’t be entirely alike, and in some places they might be entirely localized and written in an Italian that isn’t standard. That’s because each region of Italy, and often even individual cities, have their own piatti tipici, or traditional dishes. Indeed, like some other European countries, the cuisine of each region of Italy reflects local history, the influence of different foreign cuisines, and local ingredients and flair. What’s more, sometimes what amounts to the same thing can be called by different names or have a slightly different twist. The well-known schiacciata in Tuscany is called ciaccia in some little towns and is called focaccia up north, or sometimes even pizza bianca, and its never quite the same thing. Despite the variations, when it comes to eating in Italy and making your way through an incomprehensibly vast menu and a palette of foods and restaurants, there are some standard words and rules that are helpful to know. Types of Eateries in Italy Of course, in Italy like any other place you will find the cheaper diner and the 5-star restaurant. Here are your options: Il ristorante: a restaurant. The upper echelon of this list, but not necessarily a luxury restaurant. The label just means restaurant; there are good ones and bad ones. In Italy they do observe the star rankings and, of course, restaurant review sites are popular there as they are in the States (eater, urbanspoon, cibando, foodspotting, and, of course, tripadvisor). Check them out online before choosing; of course, the rule of thumb is that if locals eat there, it means its good. Check for local faces. Losteria: an osteria is considered to be a less demanding, more informal restaurant and often medium-priced, though you should know that the name has now transcended its old meaning as a run-down hovel with decent food and cheap wine. Among the many osterie are places that are just as high-end and nice as any ristorante. Same for a trattoria. But, they are both considered to be places that reflect local flavor and friendliness, are often family-run, and often are the best game in town. La pizzeria: of course, you know what that is. Pizzerie often serve much more than pizza, but if you want a pizza, that is where you should go (though there are ristoranti that serve awesome pizza too). If you are looking for a snack, head for a bar (which, you know, is a cafà ¨ more than the American-style bar) for a little panino or stuzzichino (a tapas of sorts) or even a grocery store (negozio di alimentari) or a pizza a taglio place, where they sell pizza by the slice. An enoteca is a good place to get a glass of wine and a little stuzzichino too—enough to hold you until dinner. By the way, most bars of any sophistication in Italy, both in cities and little towns, have taken like crazy to the happy-hour trend and you can basically have dinner there pretty cheaply. Other options you see on the food horizon are la tavola calda—an informal, rather generic place like a cafeteria, and your autogrill, for when you are traveling on the autostrada and you need a snack. How to Make a Reservation At peak tourist season, reservations are recommended for restaurants that tend to be busier, well-known, and well-rated (pià ¹ gettonati, the most popular). You will, of course, have to know some common Italian phrases and how to say the time in Italian for this. To make a reservation for two people at 8 p.m., use this phrase: Vorrei fare una prenotazione per due, alle 20.00. Or, if you are not at the conditional tense yet, you can say, Posso fare una prenotazione per due alle 20.00? If you are a walk-in, you have several ways of asking for a table: Cà ¨ posto per due (o quattro), per favore? Is there space for two? Or, possiamo mangiare? Siamo in due (o quattro). Can we eat? There are two of us. The Italian Menu and the Order of Italian Dishes Usually, you wont have to ask for the menu, but in case you do, its called il menà ¹, with your accent on the à ¹. Most places—even the most sophisticated—often have an English language version of their menu and you will not look like a fool to ask for it (though often its not very well written or detailed). Whether its pranzo (lunch) or cena (dinner), meals in Italy are served according to a long-standing and traditional order: Lantipasto, which includes such things as plates of prosciutto and other cured meats, crostini  and  bruschetta, cured vegetables, and again, depending on the region and the season, such things as snails or little polenta cakes, or small fish appetizers.Il primo, or first course, usually consisting of minestre, minestroni, and zuppe (soups), risotti, and, naturally, pasta in all of its glorious shapes and modes. Along the coast and on the islands, pasta with all sorts of fish is typical, while in the northern hinterland most everything is meat-based and cheese-heavy. Again, every place will feature their local pasta dishes, or piatti tipici.Il secondo, or second course, consists of fish or meat, served with a contorno, or side dish—anything from fried zucchini to braised spinach to a salad. If you want vegetables with your fish or ossobuco, you have to order a contorno. Remember, every locale has a way of doing things: in Milan you eat la cotoletta alla milanese, and in Fl orence la bistecca alla fiorentina.Il dolce, or il dessert, can range from such favorites as tiramisà ¹ or torta della nonna  to cookies with brandy. Of course, you dont have to get something in every category; Italians dont either. Unless you are starving and you want it all, you can have an antipasto followed by either a primo or a secondo, or followed by a secondo with a contorno. Sometimes people get a contorno in the place of an antipasto—say, if you want some greens or a little sformato (a custardy souffle-ish kind of thing). Italians do not eat a salad before their main meal unless its a very small salad-type antipasto. Get your salad with your secondo; it pairs well. Sample Local, Not Easy What is recommended, though, is that, if you are adventurous and you have no specific food aversions or strong dislikes, you try the local fare. Eschew your regular plate of pasta al pomodoro or something you can easily get in the States: Eating Italys regional cuisine is a way to get to know the country more than skin-deep. If you are on the coast, you can expect good fish; if you are in Bologna or in the northern mountains, you could expect good meat and cheeses and many special varieties of pasta. To express a desire to eat the local fare, you can ask for the specialità   della casa or the piatto tipico locale. And of course, you should end the meal with a caffà ¨ and some limoncello (often on the house, if you have been nice and spent a lot). Getting the Bill and Tipping To ask for the bill, you say: Il conto, per favore, or you can simply get the waiters attention and make a writing gesture. Unless you ask, or unless its a very busy touristy place, it’s not likely that they’ll bring the check to you. When you get your bill you will notice a charge called il coperto, a per-person cover charge that covers the expense of bread, essentially. It is charged everywhere and to everyone, so do not balk. About tipping: Most Italian wait staff are employed by the hour or the week (under the table or not) and paid by law a little more than they are in the States. There is no law or statute requiring gratuity and traditionally it has not been a practice. However, generally speaking, your cameriere or cameriera in an Italian restaurant does not make a lot of money, so if the service warrants it, a tip is a nice touch. Even a couple of euros per person will signify your appreciation for the food and the service (if they deserve it) and earn you a friend when you return. If you want the waiter to keep the change, say: Tenga pure il resto or put your hand on the bill and say, Va bene cosà ¬, grazie. Extra Tips In Italy, milky concoctions such as cappuccino and caffà ¨ latte are consumed only at breakfast, so before 11 a.m.Italians say Buon appetito! when they begin eating and Salute! when they toast.Most likely you will have to purchase water. You’ll have a choice between bubbly water, frizzante or con gas, or regular water, liscia or naturale (they also make something called leggermente frizzante now, which is less frizzy). If you want to buck the trend and you trust the local water (which you can do in most places), ask for lacqua del rubinetto. Buon appetito!

The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 1471 Words

The Crucible, a novel/play by Arthur Miller displays the chaos of the witch trials within the small town of Salem, Mass. Of the many characters of the novel, John Proctor and Mary Warren are both characters that serve an importance to the novel. The two characters both interact in the stories in different ways. Even though both characters can be seen as minor characters because of their inferior power in the novel, Proctor and Mary Warren serve as important characters to the story line. One reason being the fact that they both bring about problems with and/or against antagonist Abigail Williams such as Mary Warren, who likes the feeling of have authority but gets into unwanted conflict often, and Proctor, who is an very aggressive person†¦show more content†¦While speaking in private at Rev. Parris s house, Abigail confess to Proctor her true intentions, and what she really wants. Upon finding out about Abigail still being in love with him, we start to see Proctor s more agg ressive side. This is shown when he says to Abigail after she speaks badly of Elizabeth, shaking her: Do you look for a whippin ? (Miller 24). This is not Proctor s first time slipping up and over showing his rage and emotion. For he is a very emotional man and confident in his choices and ideas; well except when it comes to his mistake of engaging in any type of relationship with Abigail. After firing Abigail, Elizabeth continues to be suspicious of Proctor. We see this in Act II when Elizabeth starts arguing with Proctor over still having feelings for Abigail or sending her mixed/ the wrong signals. Proctor maybe feeling guilt for his actions but with no other better counter in the argument he turns towards his angrier side. This is evident in his words saying with a violent undertone: You doubt me yet? (Miller 54). Soon after this argument or should it be said during the mid-argument Proctor s anger is now directed to Mary Warren upon her arrival in the house. This is better sho wn/explained by Miller who states As soon as he sees her, he goes directly to her and grabs her by her cloak, furious... shaking her. I ll whip you if you dare leave this house again!

Music and Society - 1040 Words

Music and Society have always been intimately related. Throughout the years, music has had the power to influence the behavior of individuals and societies. Music has been thought of as a very powerful medium within social groups because it can facilitate communication beyond strictly words. Music has multiple meanings which can promote the development of individual, cultural and national identities. Today, music has been criticized for corrupting youth. For example, Rap music has been blamed for crimes and murders that take place within cities throughout America. Rap music however serves a more meaningful purpose within societal development and culture. The defiant images of Rap music and Hip-Hop serve as an inspirational outlet of†¦show more content†¦Tupac begins his song with the verse, â€Å"I see no changes, I wake up in the morning and I ask myself, Is life worth living or should I blast myself, I’m tired of being poor, and even worse I’m black†. He also explains racism well with his stanza â€Å"Cops give a damn about a negro, Pull the trigger, kill a nigga, he s a hero, give the crack to the kids who the hell cares, one less hungry mouth on the welfare†. Another stanza which demonstrates racism toward African Americans is, â€Å"I see no changes, all I see is racist faces, misplaced hate makes disgrace to races†. Tupac also raps about how the penitentiaries are filled with blacks . He also explains how illegal activities are necessary in order for poor people to survive. He says â€Å"I aint never did a crime, I aint have to do†. Tupac s â€Å"Changes† is very moving. Instead of mindless music which distracts individuals from their lives of poverty and from rebelling, this song presents the graphic imagery of life of poor people and their struggles to survive. The entire purpose of this song is to make a change and rebel against current social and economic structures, and move toward equality. Tupac explains the daily struggles of poverty and violence that people in the ghetto go through, and how it has become normal to them. He explains this with the chorus, â€Å"that s just the way it is, things will never be the same†. It explains how the poor do not deserve to be poor, and try to overcome poverty, however their skinShow MoreRelatedSociety with Music2717 Words   |  11 PagesSociety with Music Kyle Klemz SOCS 185 DeVry 8/16/2012 Dr. Dominguez What does music mean to you? Do you think it’s changed from the different styles of music and the way that music sounds from when it started? Music can play a big part and role on society. There are many different types of music and music festivals in today’s society. Music has changed a lot within the past few decades. Music festivals have pretty much stayed the same. People can be judged on the type of music thatRead MoreMusic And Its Impact On Society1340 Words   |  6 PagesThere are two pillars of society that have and always will be prevalent in civilizations. The first pillar being competition of power; society will always have individuals in charge of the decisions regarding the administration of their civilization. Secondly, being the self-expression of the human condition through music. Both concepts widely disparate, although both vital to the constitution of one’s identity and development of their life choices. A person’s life will alw ays be altered due to interactionsRead MoreMusic And Its Impact On Society958 Words   |  4 PagesMusic in Our Culture Although some may suggest music can only serve for entertainment, music imposes a direct impact on the ideals and actions of today’s culture. In the past, the music of a culture greatly impacts the people and speaks what the people felt afraid to express. Different types of music reach different areas of the human brain, thus affecting the way people act in various ways. Music possesses such a deep impact on human brains it affects the way we act and process different situationsRead MoreIs Music Beneficial Society?1081 Words   |  5 PagesIs music really beneficial to society? Do its pros outweigh its cons? The famous Greek philosopher, Protagoras, once said, â€Å"There are two sides to every question, one opposed to the other.† This quote implies that although there can be many perspectives of a situation; no person’s belief is incorrect. It simply opposes other’s beliefs. Similarly, even though music is said to have many positive effects, like being t herapeutic, it also negatively influences many social, political, and economic issuesRead MoreMusic And Its Impact On Society908 Words   |  4 PagesResearch Music has been apart of society for a long time. It has benefited a lot of people in different ways. It is very exciting and interesting. Music creates new vibes, fashion trends, and can give great advice. Music is very motivational and inspirational. It may express emotions and new ideas for many people and is also meant to entertain and stimulate the mind. Music goes back to prehistoric times. Prehistoric music was also known as folk music. The origin of music is unknown. Some suggestRead MoreMusic And Its Impact On Society2251 Words   |  10 PagesIt seems that music has been in existence since humans have been on this earth. You can find music in all forms and styles. The types of music and preferences that people may have, can change depending on what city, state or even country you live in. The United States was founded on basic constitutional human rights. One of these rights is freedom of speech. Those who are talented musicians have used freedom of speech to be able to put into words, sound and feelings of the social injustices thatRead MoreThe Music And Its Influence On Society1819 Words   |  8 Pagesagainst the spirit of the music. The music itself inspires everything that rave culture is. EDM focuses on the use of rhythm, an upbeat sound, and bass to enable the listener to â€Å"feel† the music and have their body move to the beat. Slowly the music builds up and then it drops, leaving the crowd reacting wildly to the change in beat and pace. Many people view EDM as just being sound .The â€Å"club culture† or â€Å"subculture† of rave culture may influence how people act in society and the values they carryRead MoreMusic And Its Influence On Society3041 Words   |  13 Pagesundoubtedly become a decisive aspect of our culture; embedded in the way we learn and grow on a daily basis. Art forms such as music, television and dance dominate our society as an outlet of freedom of speech for humanity. The evolution of music has rapidly exceeded its original classifications, developing new genres with greater appeal to an audience, hence its influence on society has expedited. In recent times, lyrics (specifically rap lyrics) have been introduced into the court room as a form of documentedRead MoreMusic And Its Impact On Society2747 Words   |  11 PagesThroughout the history of man kind, music has existed in an irremovable capacity in our existence. It has pervaded through every culture, every country and even through the deepest reaches of the dark void of space. Music has also existed in every religion known to the human race. But can music itself be considered a religion in its own right? Music is celebrated and revered by almost all who listen to it, and the health benefits associated with music are growing with every bit of research performedRead MoreMusic And Its Influence On Society1752 Words   |  8 Pages Music has always been an influence in the evolution of world civilizations and is still an important form of art and entertainment that humans find great pleasure in listening to today. There are multitudinous types and genres of music from all over the world, varying from classical, jazz, hip-hop, reggae, country, rock, and even rap. Despite these numerous amounts of genres, music can be found from all over the world residing in different parts of the world, and essentially, in different cultures

Soviet Intervention in Afghanistan free essay sample

When someone intervenes in your life, it’s usually to project their beliefs onto you and force you to stop a destructive behavior. During the Cold War, the Soviet Union intervened in Afghanistan, not to stop a destructive behavior, but to project their own wants and needs (for the oil and other resources) onto Afghan culture. Forcing them to submit to foreign rule, the people of Afghanistan fought back to protect their land, as a result creating a war that lasted for ten years. This conflict came to be known as the Soviet-Afghan War. Ultimately, the Soviet Union lost the war and retreated from Afghanistan. However, the effects of this war are still being felt today, as demonstrated in their foreign policies and political interactions with outside countries. Prior to the war, the Soviet Union was in control of the Afghan government. It was when Afghanistan made themselves a constitutional monarchy in 1953 (Origins of Soviet-Afghan War 1). It also began from a coup d’etat by Afghan communists called the â€Å"Saur Revolution in 1978 (Afghanistan War 1). This created tensions between the Soviet Union’s puppet government and Afghan people, because they resented being ruled by a foreign power. Additionally the Soviet Union took advantage of the Afghan people by taking control of the oil fields, allowing the people to only keep a small percentage of the profits. The Soviet Union, to defend their interests continued to become more intimately involved in Afghanistan’s affairs throughout the 1950s and the 1960s pumping billions of dollars into country, to try and establish friendly relations. .Between 1956 to 1978, the Soviet Union gave $2. 1 billion in aid to Afghanistan (Encyclopedia of Russian History 13). † The Soviet Union however, had a bigger picture for the future of Afghanistan. They wanted to take over the country, and did so by gaining power from within. The Soviet Union wanted to gain power in the Southeast Asia. Afghanistan gave them a foot hold, and would set as a positive example for the rest of the world. The Soviet Union’s presence within Afghanistan was cultivated first by two Soviet leaders; the first was Nur Muhammed Taraki and later Hafizulla Amin (Encyclopedia of Russian History 13). Nur Muhammaed Tariki was killed after being caught in the crossfire of a shoot out at his palace, inserting Amin a Soviet sympathizer into power. However, Amin had a hidden agenda, and after gaining power, began working for his own interests rather than the Soviet Unions. The Soviet Union became afraid Amin would destabilize Afghanistan, and they would access to Afghan oil fields. To prevent this loss the Soviet Union ( the home-country) decided to invade Afghanistan on December 27, 1979. Initiating the first phase of the Soviet-Afghan War. This phase utilized three motor rifle divisions, one separate rifle regiment, an airborne division, the 56th Air Assault Brigade, and a separate airborne regiment. The Soviets also used helicopters as their primary source of attack (Soviet-Afghan War 1). Troops quickly entered Afghanistan, gaining control of major urban centers and military bases, but they did not do as much damage as they wanted to. They instead started an even bigger revolution in the country to stand up and fight against the Soviets (Soviet War 1). However, politically they accomplished their goal assassinating Amin the first night of the invasion. Soviet Invasion 1). However, the Soviet takeover accomplished about as much as the American forces did during the Vietnam War. Meaning they won conventional battles but still end up losing the countryside (Soviet-Afghan War 1). Thousands of Afghanistan Muslims joined the Mujahedeen, the Arabic word for â€Å"warriors of god† or â€Å"holy warriors†. The Mujahedeen members organized in response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. Members of the Mujahedeen were mostly from tribes or villages who had lost loved ones during the Soviet invasion (Encyclopedia of Modern Asia 208). The second phase of Soviet-Afghan War occurred between 1980 and 1985. During this period the Soviet Union was occupying the cities and main axis of communication. However, the Mujahedeen split into small groups and â€Å"waged a guerrilla war† (Soviet War in Afghanistan 1). Soviet troops fought and attacked key Mujahedeen locations and bases: †¦in strategic areas in the northeast, especially along the road from Termez to Kabul. In the west, a strong Soviet presence was maintained to counter Iranian influence. Incidentally, special Soviet units would have also performed secret attacks on Iranian territory to destroy suspected Mujahedeen bases, and their helicopters then got engaged in shootings with Iranian jets (Soviet War in Afghanistan 1). Even though there was all of this Soviet presence, most of Afghanistan was untouched. Almost eighty percent of Afghanistan escaped the control of the government (Soviet War in Afghanistan 1). The Soviet Union had been aiding Afghanistan 1919 by being given special provisions, such as small arms, ammunition, and a few aircraft and a million gold rubles (Russian General Staff 10). This was the beginning of a â€Å"self-defeating† war (Monks 18). But there was still bloodshed. In the year 1985, the Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev demanded a one-year solution be found. Therefore, fighting increased throughout the country, making it the bloodiest year ever for the war (Soviet War in Afghanistan 1). The third phase of the war during the mid-1980s was when Afghan resistance got stronger with the aid of the â€Å"United States, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, the Peoples Republic of China and others† (Soviet War in Afghanistan 1). This is when the Mujahedeen fought back for their land and their freedom. The Mujahedeen favored guerilla warfare. They originally fought in a very unorthodox way because there was no distinct leadership, but as the war went along, leaders from reputation began to really become leaders by commanding the Mujahedeen forces. The focus also grew to a more patriotic and pride in their independence than just a holy war. â€Å"Afghanistans resistance movement was born in chaos, spread and triumphed chaotically, and did not find a way to govern differently† (Soviet War in Afghanistan 1). As the war grew, so did the Mujahedeen forces in Afghanistan. They became more sophisticated in their fighting, and their strength grew in numbers. They also gained Stinger anti-aircraft missiles from the United States in September 1986 (Bradsher 1). They also started to favor sabotage including damaging power lines, destroying pipelines, and radio stations. They would start launching rockets and missiles every day. Also they used land mines very heavily (Soviet War in Afghanistan 1). This was all funded by foreign countries such as the United States and other countries. The last and final phase of the war happened during April 1985 to February 1989. The first thing to do was for the Soviet Union to transfer power to the Afghan armed forces to fight the Mujahedeen. Also, they were trying to withdraw from Afghanistan. By May 15 to August 16th, 1988, the Soviets were half withdrawn, and the second half of withdrawn was November 15th, 1988 to February 15th, 1989 (Soviet War in Afghanistan 1). After the Cold War, the Mujahedeen that was left from the Soviet-Afghan War became what is now called the Taliban and al-Qaida. Also, Afghanistan ended up losing one to two million people, while five to ten million fled to Pakistan and Iran (Soviet-Afghan War 1). The total impact of this war is still felt, in ways such as the Afghan Civil War and the present Afghanistan War with the United States. The Taliban was created when the United States gave them weapons to use against the Soviet Union. To prevent these incursions from happening again, the world has to stop and end the Taliban and al-Qaida. If the terrorist and extremist groups are eliminated, then the world can live in greater peace then it currently is in now. The Soviet Union had a lot of influence over the Middle East. It shows in the Soviet-Afghan War; not just during the war but also preceding and following it. A lot of soldiers were lost, both from Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. Hopefully, another war like this will never happen again.

GEOLOGY Earths Interior Essay Example For Students

GEOLOGY Earths Interior Essay INTRODUCTION For millennia mankind has inhabited the third planet from the sun; the planet that supports life and is know to us as Earth. Although there has been life on Earth for quite sometime, it is only in the past few centuries that man has come to learn about what makes up the interior of this planet. The English scientist, Isaac Newton, can be seen as a pioneer in regards to learning about the Earths interior, as he calculated from his studies of planets and the force of gravity, that the average density of the Earth is twice that of surface rocks and therefore that the Earths interior must be composed of a much denser material. Our knowledge of whats inside the Earth has improved immensely since Newtons time, but his estimate of the density remains essentially unchanged. So what is this new knowledge of the Earths interior? PRESENT KNOWLEDGE A round sphere with many layers, all varying in thickness, each having its own colour and taste this is a description of a gob-stopper and also bares a close resemblance to the internal structure of the Earth; a sphere divided into three layers, differing in density, composition, strength, and state. The densest of these layers is the core, which is composed largely of metallic iron, with small amounts of nickel and other elements. The less dense mantle then covers this layer, being composed of magnesium and iron silicates. The outermost layer is that of the crust, it has the lowest density of all the layers and can be separated further as its thickness varies greatly from place to place, with the difference being distinguished by land and sea and also its composition. For this reason the core is subdivided into the continental crust (average thickness 45km with a granitic composition) and the oceanic crust (average thickness 8km with a basaltic composition). Similarly the core can also be subdivided, but the difference is not one between compositions but one by physical state. The inner core of the Earth is solid iron; this is because it is under such high pressure, so high that temperature has no bearing on its state. The outer core has a balance between temperature and pressure so its iron composition is in the molten state. Rock strength can also add further categorisation to the Earths interior, bringing in the sphere layers: the mesosphere, asthenosphere, and lithosphere. The strength of a solid is controlled by both temperature and pressure; when heated a solid looses strength and when under pressure a solid gains strength. This is what divides the mantle and the crust into these three sphere layers. At the lower part of the mantle (depth 2883km-350km) there exists a region of high temperature and high strength, this is known as the mesosphere or middle sphere, then at a depth of 350-100km there is a sphere with balance of temperature and pressure (leaving rocks with little strength) called the asthenosphere or weak sphere which has a plastic nature, and finally there is the region from 100km to the Earths surface called the lithosphere. The rocks in the lithosphere are more rigid, cooler and stronger than the plastic asthenosphere. Fig 1 The sliced view of the Earth identifying the layers and spheres. Now that the Earths interior has been identified and separating into regions the question to be ask is how was it determined? GEOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS One way that we can find out what is under the surface is to drill. Many countries have attempted to drill wells down into the Earths crust but attempts come into trouble around the 7km depth. The deepest well belongs to the Soviets (Russian) and it is located on the Northern Kola Peninsula. It is the result of a twenty-year effort to drill to a target depth of 15km but fell short at 12km in 1989. It took 5 years to drill 7km; 9 years to drill the next 5km and at the bottom of the hole the temperature was 190C. .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570 , .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570 .postImageUrl , .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570 , .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570:hover , .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570:visited , .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570:active { border:0!important; } .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570:active , .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570 .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u13fe88e4976eb97ff6c71d3c56aa8570:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: My Closet Essay From doing this information about the Earths interior can be determined at roughly 12km, now what about deeper? Volcanic activity brings up materials in magma such as Xenoliths that are pieces of mantle in the .

DBQ Essay Sample

DBQ Essay SampleThe DBQ Essay Sample does a great job of teaching students about the Essay's world expansion and new responsibilities. The essay will also help students determine their own unique writing style. There are so many different topics that can be covered in a world expansion essay, it would be a good idea to allow the student to express their individual personality.The world expansion essay will teach students about themselves. It is a good idea to include some of the following elements in the essay. After all, your world expansion essay should be unique. Just as the DBQ Essay Sample allows you to be unique and allow your students to be unique, you must allow your students to be unique as well.Make sure to use proper adjectives in your writing. We are not going to tell anyone how to do their writing. That is their job. However, if you are writing in this category, it is important to be precise and descriptive when describing yourself or the company you represent.Remember t hat the DBQ Essay Sample should also include information on world expansion and new responsibilities. This is your opportunity to help out other employees. It is also your opportunity to be a leader and lead your team.Students must write about their actions, opinions, and experiences. They must provide a clear example of their own experience. Do not exaggerate or tell tall tales. Ask yourself, 'Why am I being asked to write about this?' Is it to help someone?The DBQ Essay Sample provides the proper guidelines to show the world expansion and new responsibilities. Write about your personal opinions and ideas. Do not include anything that would turn off an employer. Be honest and provide accurate examples of how you have used your skills.Remember to be specific and take note of all of the issues you are addressing. It is important to communicate the idea clearly and accurately. Take your time in preparing for your world expansion essay. It is a great opportunity to help others and expr ess your individuality.The DBQ Essay Sample is a great tool for introducing students to the world of the DBQ Essay. It teaches students how to use their talents and abilities in a job application.

Aspirin Essay Example

Aspirin Essay In this aspirin course work I will be investigating different types of aspirin and making aspirin. I will be looking at all the process taken to make aspirin and all the ingredients in aspirin.I Will be:Extracting some salicylic acid (2-hyroxy benzoic acid) from willow twigs or bark.OCOHOH2- hydroxy benzoic acid structureWe will also be learning about TLC (thin layer chromatograph), and its uses to confirm the identity of compounds. Calculating percentage yield carrying out melting points.My assignment will be structured into four tasks:Task 1- a survey of aspirin containing medicines and the medical uses of aspirin.Task 2-extracting and identifying the active chemical in willow barkTask 3- comparing methods for making and purifying aspirinTask 4- analysingTask 1- a survey of aspirin containing medicines uses of aspirinName of aspirinAdult/childrenPriceDoseIngredientsContra-indicatorsAscriptinChildren over the age of 12à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½11.492 caplets every 4 hours while symptoms persist, not to exceed 12 caplets in 24 hours, or as directed by a doctor for arthritis therapy. Drink a full glass of water with each dose.Aluminum Hydroxide Dried Gel (80mg), Calcium Carbonate, Magnesium Hydroxide (80mg), Aspirin (500 mg)Do not use if taking a prescription drug for anticoagulation (blood thinning), diabetes, gout, or arthritis unless directed by a doctor. Antacids may interact with certain prescription drugs. If you are presently taking a prescription drug, do not take this product without checking with your doctor or other health professional.Alka-seltzer plus12 and overà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4.87Take 2 tablets fully dissolved in water for every 4 hoursAcetaminophen 250mg (Pain Reliever/Fever Reducer), Chlorpheniramine Maleate 2mg (Antihistamine), Phenylephrine HCI 5 mg (Nasal Decongestant)Do not use if you are allergic to aspirin this product if you are on a sodium restricted diet unless directed by a doctorAnacin12 and overà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5.792 tablets every 6 hours do not exceed 8 ca psules in 24 hoursAspirinDo not use if you have ever had an allergic reaction to any other pain reliever/fever reducer.BayerAdults and children over the of 12à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6.49Take 1 or 2 tablets with water every 4 hours. Do not exceed 12 tablets in 24 hours unless directed by a doctor.Aspirin 325mgDo not take this product if you are taking a prescription drug for anticoagulation (thinning the blood), diabetes, gout or arthritis unless directed by a doctor.AspergumAdults and children over the age of 12à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3.49Chew 2 tablets every 4 hours, not to exceed 16 tablets in 24 hours, or as directed by a doctor.Aspirin (227 mg (3.5 gr))Do not take this product if you are taking a prescription drug for anticoagulation (thinning the blood), diabetes, gout, or arthritis unless directed by a doctor.Task 2- Extraction and identification of the active chemical from willow barkIn this practical we have to extract some salicylic acid from willow bark. We had to reflux it, which allows you to h eat it for a long time period without losing any liquids.Then we have to use thin layer chromatography to help us to confirm its identity.Apparatus* Reflux apparatus* 250cm3 beaker* 2 dropping tubes or melting-point tubs* Sulphuric acid* Potassium manganate* Iodine crystals* Willow twigs or bark* Coffee grinderWe do not have access to a batch reactor that is used in factories to make aspirin so the pear shaped flask would act as the batch reactor. This is were all of the reacting will take place.Method* Take a sample of fresh twigs or bark from a willow tree and chop them into fine pieces using a coffee grinder.* Set up a flask with a reflux condenser. In the flask place some of the fresh twigs or bark.* Cover the twigs with a mixture containing equal volumes of 2moldm-3 sulphuric acid and 0.2moldm-3 potassium manganate solution.* Reflux for 15 minuets.* While the mixture is still warm pour the mixture into a 25ocm3 beaker. It is not important if some bark comes with it. Carefully a dd further portions of a mixture of 2moldm-3 sulphuric acid and 2moldm-3 potassium manganate solution. With stirring until the volume is three times bigger. You must take great caution in handling the apparatus because it is extremely hot.Thin layer chromatography (TLC)Chromatography can be used to separate a mixture of components. Both qualitative and quantitative data can be obtained. Modern high performance techniques can identify trace impurities in samples. Chromatography can also be used to separate mixtures on a large scale. There is a range of related techniques. All work on the same principle. A delivery system supplies a mobile phase, which is moved through a stationary phase. The mobile phase, which is usually a solvent, carries the substance being analysed through the stationary phase. This is called elietion. A stationary phase often consists of a liquid system is used to monitor the separated components. A component is attracted to both mobile and stationery phases. Th e relative strength of attraction for each phase is important. A component strongly attracted to the stationary phase will be held back one strongly attracted to the mobile phase will pass through rapidly. Separated is achieved when components have different relative attractions for the two phases.ChromatographyMobile phaseStationary phaseThin-layerLiquid solventAl2 03 or Si 02 (often bounded together with CaSo3 and supported on a plastic sheet or glass plate this is called a TLC plate)PaperLiquid solventH20 can the surface of absorbent chromatography paper and therefore support by the cellulose fibres in paper)Gas layerInter gas (usually N2 or Ar )Liquid often a silicone gum (supported on suitable solid particles in a glass or metal tube)High performance liquidLiquid solventSmall solid particles (packed tightly in a tube usually stainless steel)When identifying the components some of them will be coloured and so will be visible but often they will not be visible. So then there are a lot of techniques thats can used to see them:* Specially pre-treated plates when exposed to ultraviolet light reveal substances as pale purple spots. Be careful not to look at the light for too long.* Exposure of plates to develops e.g. iodine vapour of chemical reagents which are sprayed on the plate after separation.* Radioactive isotopes can be used as tracers be careful when using radioactive isotopes. X-ray film is placed over the palate for a period of time. The positions of the components show up as dark spots when the film is developed. The degree of darkness indicates the amount of radiation and therefore the concentration of the component.MethodApparatus* Small beaker* T.l.c plates* Clingfilm or lid* Methanol* U.v lamp* Glass tube* Salicylic acid in ethanol* Take a piece of pre-dried thin-layer chromatography sheet, which will fit, into a small beaker. Dissolve a small quantity of the substance to be investigated in a solvent.* Draw a base line using a graphite pencil on the palate. It should be just above the level that will be reached by the solvent in the beaker. Apply the solution the palate using a finely drawn out glass tube.* The spot formed by the solution should be as small as possible. This is because components that do not separate well, will tend to overlap if large spots are made.* Put the solvent in the beaker and cover it with cling film or a lid. Leave for 10 minutes to allow the atmosphere to saturate. Stand the plate in the beaker and replace the lid.* When the solvent front is near the top of the plate remove the plate. Mark the position of the solvent front.Set up for the thin layer chromatographyChromatographypaper lidSolvent frontBaselinebeakersolventPure 2 hydroxy benzoic acid my sample of purified 2 hydroxy benzoicAcidTask 3- comparing methods for making and purifying aspirinOCOOH COH OHOC+ (CH3 CO) 2O +CH3 COOH CH3Salicylic acid ethanoic anhydride acetylsalicylic acid (vinegar)(2-hydroxbenzoic acid) (Aspirin)Method 1Apparat us* 2-hydroxybenzoic acid* 100ml beaker* Ethanoic anhydride* Concentrated sulphuric acid* Distilled water* 250ml beaker* Vacuum filtration equipment (buchiner funnels, buchiner flasks, tubes andFilter paper)* Ethanol* Melting point apparatusBuchner funnel setupWeigh 5.0g of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid in a 100ml beaker. Add 10ml of ethanoic anhydride with care stir to dissolve the solid. Add 12 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid stir continuously to prevent charring. Cool the mixture to room temperature and add it to 150 ml of distilled water to a 250 ml beaker.Filter the solid produced under vacuum filtration, wash with 50ml of distilled water. Re-crystallise the solid using a 50:50, which means equal quantities of distilled water and ethanoic acid as a solvent say about 10mls each. Filter, dry the product and take the melting points then store the products.We then had to work out the percentage yield and theoretical yield.Sample 1Theoretical yield(Maximum yield possible) = 138g 180g1g 1801385g 1805138Theoretical = 6.52Percentage yield= Actual yield 100Theoretical yield= 0.32 1006.52= 4.91gMethod 2Apparatus* Quickfit flask* 2-hydroxybenzoic acid* Phosphoric acid* Reflux apparatus* Distilled water* 250ml beaker* Glass rod* Ice* Vacuum filtration equipment* Melting point apparatus* Test tubeAdd the following to a 100ml quickfit flask 50.0g of 2-hyroxybenzoic acid and 10ml of ethanoic anhydride. Then add 12 drops of 85% phosphoric acid and swirl to mix. Fits a reflux condenser heat the mixture for about 10 minutes in a water bath without cooling add 5ml of water down the condenser. When the vigorous reaction has ended pour the mixture into a 100ml of cold water in a 250ml beaker.Cool to room temperature. Stir and rub the sides of the beaker with a glass rod to start crystallisation. Stand the beaker in an ice bath to complete the crystallisation process. Filter under a vacuum wash with a little water. Re-crystallise the solid from hot water dry the product in a dryi ng cabinet weight the product record its melting point. Calculate the yield and store the product in a labelled test tube.For each of the samples we made we had to use tlc to identify any impurities in our products. To do the tlc we needed 250ml beaker with Clingfilm or a lid, 5-10mls of solvent which is ethyl ethanoate mixed with a few drops of ethanoic acid. We had to spot the tlc plate with the following pure aspirin, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, make the solvent front, remove from the beaker and dry. We then had to look at the plate with a uv lamp and mark out the position of the spots.Sample 2Percentage yield= Actual yield 100Theoretical yield= 3.34 1006.52= 51.2gResultsProduct 1Product 2Weight0.323.34Melting point125172Tlc0.850.90Task 4- analysing aspirinRF (relative to the front) valuesThe distance a component moves relative to the solvent front is called its RF value.The equation is RF=distance moved by componentDistance moved by solvent frontSolvent frontchromatography paperBasel inePure sampleMy sampleUse a ruler to measure the length from the baseline to A then from the baseline to the solvent front then do the same for the other sample.Task2 results for TLCRF= 3.8 =0.5 my sample8.4RF=4.3 =0.5 pure sample8.4The sample that I made is pure compared to the pure sample that we testedTask3 method 1Solvent front= 8.2 cmPure aspirin=7.1cmMethod 1= 7.0cmMethod 2= 7.4cm2-hydrcxybenzoic acid= 6.4cmRF= 7.08.2 = 0.85 method 1RF= 7.48.2 = 0.89 method 2RF= 7.1 = 0.85 pure aspirin8.2RF= 7.48.2 =0.77 2-hydroxybenzoic acidProblemsSome of the problems that I encountered are not filtering the samples properly so when I took it out it was still mushy, so what I did to correct that was I had to put it into an oven for it to dry out. Or I could have filtered it again. Another problem that I had was when I was filtering my products the vacuum didnt have enough pressure for it to work that way it wouldnt of got filtered properly. So what I had to do to correct that problem is I h ad to open the tap as far as I could push the buchiner funnel into the flask and push in the tubes so that way there would be more pressure.Interpretation of the resultsThe thin layer chromatography (TLC) results tell me that my 2-hydrography benzoic acid (Salicylic acid) that I produced is not pure. Some of the reasons could be:* There were same impurities* Some of it didnt get converted properly* I did something wrong in the preparationMy first sample gave me a pure sample compared to the pure aspirin I tested. My second product wasnt pure I think this was because there were some impurities in the product or I did something wrong in the preparation.My method 1 gave me a very small yield maybe it was because we did something wrong or maybe there were was some impurities in it. I could see all of the crystals in the product. And my product was bright white.My method 2 gave me a very large yield but for some reason it was discoloured and it was light pink. I also couldnt see any crys tals.My results (TLC, melting points) tell me about my 2 products that the product 1 has a small yield therefore the yield is more pure. Were as my product 2 has a big yield so the yield is not that pure. My results also tells me that maybe the reason why my product 2s boiling point was so high because the impurities that were in it had I high melting point. My results tell me that if you want pure aspirin in small batches you should use method 1, but if you want a lot of aspirin but not that pure you should use method 2. but I think that method 1 is the best method because you dont need to heat it up for that long and the sample is pure.EvaluationThe literature value of aspirin is 1350C my sample for method 1 had a melting point of 1250C, which is quite close to the literature value, but it is not the same. Maybe this is because there were some impurities in my product or I did something wrong in the preparation stages.My sample for method 2 had a melting point of 1720C, which is v ery far from the literature value of aspirin this is mainly because there were some impurities in my sample making the melting point higher.Comparison with industrial processes of aspirin productionIn a factory were they make aspirin some of the processes that require precision, strength, time or knowledge are not done by humans they are done by machines or computers. The processes that are replaced by automation are:* The equipment and chemicals are transported on conveyor belts* Computers control the temperature* All of the processes that are done over night are done by computers* All of the filtration processes are done by computers* Controlling the batch reactor* PurificationSome of the advantages of using machines and computers to do most of the work is:* They are more precise* More accurate than humans* They work none stop* They are more cheaper* They are more stronger* Faster* More accurate* No errors* More durable

Use Common Sense for Commas

Use Common Sense for Commas Use Common Sense for Commas Use Common Sense for Commas By Mark Nichol Commas are such cute little things with curly tails that their strength is often overlooked. When used haphazardly, their power can be untapped or misused. Employed correctly, however, they do much to convey a sentence’s meaning. The rules may seem complex, but they are also commonsensical. Many writers believe that commas are necessary in the middle of a sentence only when they divide two independent clauses two parts of a sentence that could stand on their own as distinct statements. But commas also serve as comprehension aids: Note the difference between â€Å"Knights wore metal shoes and gloves called gauntlets† and â€Å"Knights wore metal shoes, and gloves called gauntlets.† The first version implies that both items were referred to as gauntlets, and the second version correctly distinguishes that only the second item was labeled as such. â€Å"Are they going to lock me up or shoot me?† looks like the writer is asking if one of these two outcomes will occur. â€Å"Are they going to lock me up, or shoot me?† correctly clarifies that the writer is asking which outcome will occur and that’s a big difference made clear by the mighty little comma. Traditionally, a comma was inserted after all introductory phrases, no matter how short: But the trend toward open punctuation and away from closed punctuation has relaxed this tradition. Unfortunately, though short introductory phrases may not look wrong in isolation, in text containing both short and long introductory phrases, when the latter cry out for a comma to give the reader a rest, inconsistency is awkward, so it’s best to always retain closed punctuation. Sometimes, misunderstandings may occur when you omit a comma, as when a reader reads, â€Å"When she returned Jim’s head was already lying back against the pillow† and thinks at first that Jim’s head is being handed back to him or its current owner. Comments actually or conjecturally directed toward readers or a third party are awkward without a comma following an imperative (a form of address that tells someone to do something). The warning statement â€Å"Move over RCA and Sony, computer firms are becoming TV makers† starts the reader off at a disadvantage; who, they may think, is steamrolling over the television manufacturers in question? A comma after â€Å"move over† solves that problem. Similarly, â€Å"Attention shoppers!† implies that attention is a commodity some store patrons are there to buy, and that the voice on the intercom is acoustically accosting just that class of consumer; â€Å"Attention, shoppers!† meanwhile, asks for something, then identifies who is being asked. These rules may seem complicated. But there’s a simple test that usually works: When in doubt about whether or where to place a comma, read aloud the sentence in question, and visualize the comma as a hook that briefly makes the sentence run in place. If you hesitate or pause, insert the hook in the sentence to mark that place. If you don’t, don’t. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs Enquire35 Genres and Other Varieties of FictionUsing "May" in a Question

Law, Governance, Regulation and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law, Governance, Regulation and Ethics - Essay Example The first issue raised in â€Å"Wall Street’ is based on the ethics which are broken throughout the film. The ethics that are associated with the movie include gathering confidential information about the stock market. This is done not only by obtaining illegal information but also includes breaking into offices and taking confidential information. This is first done by Gekko and is later followed by Fox with the desire to move up with his placement in the corporate world. The approach which is taken is one which is based on a combination of legalities and ethics. According to the law, there are requirements with confidentiality that are put into place. This is to protect businesses with privacy and from unfair deals which may occur without the companies knowledge. This is followed by private property rights which make it unconstitutional for an individual to take information. By breaking these ethical considerations, there is a break in both government and corporate regulati ons while harming others that are a part of the main process for obtaining information (Nelson, 2005: 3). The concept of ethics on a legal basis is important to note because it combines with individual behaviors, legalities and responsibility that is a part of the corporation. The work of Fox becomes important because he is a representative of the company which he works for. When he takes the private information through illegal information it causes him to be a representative of the company, leading to a direct overlap between ethics and corporate governance (Mullerat, 2010: 48). However, this becomes misunderstood as his actions lead him to a raise and as one of the best performers of the institute. More important, the response from the country which has gained prestige in the market is interested in hiring Fox after his sentence because of the work which he has done. The actions taken by the corporations reflect directly in the understanding of what it means to be legally responsi ble and to be honest and fair in different dealings. The actions taken with the main characters show that there isn’t an understanding of the ethical responsibilities of individuals as well as how this reflects in the corporation. The importance of the private interactions and the association with the ethical considerations with governance is important to note because of how it affects others who are a part of the company. This becomes the main battle that is associated with ethics. From the viewpoint of both Gekko and Fox, there is the belief that â€Å"greed is good.† However, there are also others who are harmed from this, including the reputation of the businesses, the customers who respond to the dealings and the others who have to pay for the information which is taken and the deals which follow. The concept of corporate citizenship becomes the main component with the actions taken. This states that an individual who is in a business is not only responsible for m aking money or representing the company. The information which is taken, actions which are violated and the unfair dealings reflect directly with the citizen relationships and how others are affected. The corporate governance is one which leads to individuals having a sense of responsibility toward the company, stakeholders, customers and others affiliated with the business. If the

Wal-Marts approach to Purchasing and Supply-Chain Management Essay

Wal-Marts approach to Purchasing and Supply-Chain Management - Essay Example This report stresses that Wal-Mart is a retailer of consumer goods. Its ultimate strategy is to offer products at low prices thus becoming a common primary area of interest among various business experts in terms of costs. This low pricing strategy is the core competitive strategy for the retail store. However, besides this, its purchasing and supply-chain management have great contribution too; the actual business world William. The Wal-Mart failed in Germany because the management wanted to implement the United States model to the Germany market. The Wal-Mart management pressured the executives in Germany to enforce management styles of American in the workplace. For instance, workers were forbidden dating colleagues in the organization’s influential positions or flirt with colleagues Huff Post Business This paper shows that the presented activities, Wal-Mart are trying to employ in order to create there competitive advantage primarily using it’s purchasing and supply-chain management for this reason have proved effective. It was found that these activities with information technology have helped Wal-Mart create a competitive advantage over other players in the retail chain store industry. Therefore, to gain competitive advantage in an industry an organization will need to choose the right business models and adopt the right technology to develop a competitive advantage in the industry.

Sin Tax Bill (For the Government) Essay Example for Free

Sin Tax Bill (For the Government) Essay According to James Sadowsky, author of The Economics of Sin Taxes, taxes imposed on products seen as vices such as alcoholic liquors and tobaccos are called sin tax. Aside from the commodities being objects of disapproval, even their consumers accept such taxes because they seem to hit two birds in one stone. First, they raise revenues and second, they made vices expensive. House Bill 5727 or also known as the Sin Tax Bill aims to reform the imposed tax on the sin products (Official Gazette, 2002). We support this bill for three reasons. First, the government can collect more revenues. Second, it promotes health by dissuading the consumption of the vices. And lastly, the poor sector benefits from it. Sin tax is a form of an excise tax. It is a tax levied on some commodities but not all commodities unlike sales tax. This is how the government generates more revenues (Sadowsky). However, the opposition claims that this bill will backfire on its goals. Since the price of the price of the commodities will rise, the demand will decrease. Thus, there will be no revenues to generate which contrast one of the goals of the bill since industries such as tobacco will die. However, the products under sin tax are vices. Some people are already addicted to them. Even if the price of these products will rise, people will still buy though some price conscious such as the poor sector and students will cut their consumption (Fonbuena qtd. Monsod, 2012 ). Plus, even the demand for the sin products will decrease; the increased tax will make up for the loss demand. Thus, the industries will not die. The opposition also said that the rate of smuggling will worsen. However, according to economist and former Economic Planning Secretary Solita Monsod, there is no connection between the rise of the levied tax and smuggling. Countries such as Japan and Singapore who levied tax the highest on sin products even have the lowest rate of smuggling. Moreover, aside from being a revenue bill, Philippine College of Physicians, New Vois Association of the Philippines (NVAP), and other health advocates claim that the bill is importantly a health bill. According to Emerson Rojas, New Vois President, should the sin tax bill be passed, more adult smokers would be encouraged to quit smoking, and also discourage the start of young smokers. Many people can be prevented from having diseases gained from these vices. Moreover, a big portion of the revenue will go to public health while the smaller will go to affected tobacco workers (Reyes qtd. Drilon, 2012). According to Health Undersecretary Ted Herbosa, money collected from the industry will be used to enroll millions of poor families into socialized healthcare and for the improvement of the whole healthcare service delivery. Thus aside from improving public health, the poor sector will benefit more from the bill. However, the opposition claimed that there is inequality in the bill. The poor are the ones to burden the raised tax. But then according to Solita Monsod, the poor are the ones who are supposed to lessen their expense on these vices since they are the ones who can barely afford to pay medical needs if they acquire diseases from these vices. Sources Belo, Walden. The Sin tax Promoting the Nation’s Health. Inquirer. May 12, 2012. Web. Fonbuena, Carmela. 5 False Economic Claims on Sin Tax According to Solita Monsod. Rappler. October 18, 2012. Web. Investopedia. Sin Tax. Web. Official Gazette. Sin Taxes. September 19, 2012. Web. Reyes, Karl John. Sin Tax Passage to Affect Ph Trade, Finance and Social Services – Drilon. Interaksyon. September 28, 2012. Web. Tan, Kimberly. Liqour, Tobacco Companies reminded of Sin Products Social Impact. Gma News. August 23, 2012. Web The Wages of the sin Taxes. May 15, 2012. Web. Sin Tax Bill: Both Revenue And Health Measure. Manila Bulletin. October 2012. Web. INTRODUCTION: Sin Tax A state-sponsored tax that is added to products or services that are seen as vices, such as alcohol, tobacco and gambling. These type of taxes are levied by governments to discourage individuals from partaking in such activities without making the use of the products illegal. These taxes also provide a source of government revenue. Explanation: Sin taxes are typically added to liquor, cigarettes and other non-luxury items. State governments favor sin taxes because they generate an enormous amount of revenue and are usually easily accepted by the general public because they are indirect taxes that only affect those who use the products. When individual states run deficits, the sin tax is typically one of the first taxes recommended by lawmakers to help fill the budget gap. Source: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sin_tax.asp#ixzz2HTDslR4A Why are we supporting it? 1. To promote health by discouraging vice. 2. To collect more revenue for healthcare. Health: According to the Department of Health (DOH), the Philippines has an estimated 17.3 million tobacco consumers, the most number of smokers in Southeast Asia. Filipinos on average consume 1, 073 cigarette sticks annually, while the smokers in the region consume less than a thousand sticks yearly. This high consumption rate is seen as a result, among others, of the very low cigarette prices in our country. Smoking is responsible for 71 percent of lung cancer deaths in the world. Consequently, lung cancer is the leading form of cancer in the Philippines. DOH statistics reveal that 10 Filipinos die every hour because of smoking. According to the DOH, a 10 percent increase in tobacco taxes will reduce the number of smokers by two million by 2016. A significant decline in the number of smokers will likewise reduce the number of smoking-related deaths. Meanwhile, drinking alcohol, though effects are relatively less severe health-wise than smoking, has posed a number of costs on the individual and society. Revenue: The sin tax proposes the following reforms: * Maintain the specific form of excise taxation (e.g., per piece, per pack, per proof liter) to discourage consumption, have more revenues that are predictable and easier to administer, and devoid of incentives for manufacturers and importers with under-invoice products; * A shift from a multi-tiered tax structure to a single tax structure: (1) For cigarettes, a two-rate structure of P14 and P30 per pack for the 1st two years, and a uniform rate of P30 per pack of cigarettes on the third year. (2) For fermented liquor, immediate implementation of unified rate of P25/liter. (3) For distilled spirits, a two-year transition period to a unified rate of P150 per proof liter on the third year. * Adopt an automatic annual adjustment of tax rates using relevant NSO-established tobacco and alcohol indexes after the third year. * A shift from a raw-material criterion to an alcohol-content criterion in taxing distilled spirits. * Revenues from sin taxes are to augment the funds of the Aquino ad ministration’s universal health care program. * The continued sharing with tobacco farmers of the incremental revenues. STATEMENTS FROM HIGH-RANKING OFFICIALS ABOUT SIN TAX BILL: Sin Tax Bill: Both Revenue And Health Measure Manila Bulletin – Wed, Oct 3, 2012 The Philippine College of Physicians, New Vois Association of the Philippines (NVAP), and other health advocates on Tuesday urged legislators to view Senate Bill 3249, otherwise known as the Sin Tax Bill, not only as a revenue bill, but more importantly as a health bill. , Its time to take action and pass the true sin tax bill, and not a token sin tax bill in favor of our tobacco manufacturers said former Health Secretary Esperanza Cabral. She is asking lawmakers to pass the bill in order to lower tobacco consumption in the country. New Vois President Emerson Rojas shared the harmful effects of tobacco. Rojas was a heavy smoker who eventually suffered from Stage 4 laryngal cancer. He is now unable to talk, save for a device he is now using which is an electrolarynx. The Philippines has the cheapest prices of cigarettes in the Western Pacific Region, he lamented. Should the sin tax bill be passed, more adult smokers would be encouraged to quit smoking, and also discourage the start of young smokers. Let us be on guard against the watering down of SB3249, urged Rojas. On the other hand, Department of Health Consultant on Non-Communicative Diseases Dr. Tony Leachon and Framework Convention on Tobacco Control of the Philippines representative Dr. Maricar Limpin are pushing for the passage of the sin tax bill so that the government would have more money to build better hospitals and provide premium health care for the poor. With the sin tax, there would be better revenue for health, noted Leachon. DOH: Sin Tax is Pro-Poor This thought is backed up by the DOH, which believes that the sin tax is not only anti-cancer, but pro-poor as well. As the tobacco industry targets the poor in marketing their products, it will also be the poor who will benefit from the sin tax as money collected from the industry will be used to enroll millions of poor families into socialized healthcare and for the improvement of the whole healthcare service delivery, said Health Undersecretary Ted Herbosa. According to the 2012 survey of the Philippine Institute for Development Studies, the prevalence of smoking in the country is higher among the poorest of the poor with 40 percent belonging to the lowest quintile while 36 percent come from the second lowest quintile. The figures are the opposite among the rich, where 25 percent of smokers are considered affluent. This means that of the 17.3 million adult smokers in the country, 76 percent of them are poor. This also reinforces previous studies that the poor spend more on cigarettes than on education and health, said Herbosa. Citing results of the 2009 Family Income and Expenditure Survey, the health undersecretary said the countrys poorest spend as much as 67 percent of their income on food and that two-thirds of them do not see a doctor or do not seek a health facility when they get sick. Herbosa said as the poor are likely to be less informed of the harmful effects of smoking, they serve as a major market for the tobacco industry. They also suffer most from all diseases and economic burden attributed to smoking. According to Prof. Tony Dans of the University of the Philippines College of Medicine, half of the annual 300,000 deaths from non-communicable diseases in the country are attributed to smoking. A total of P188 billion is also being lost every year from the top four killers of Filipinos (lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart attack, and stroke) which are all smoking-related. We have to turn the tide and make the tobacco industry pay for the health and economic burdens that smoking brings. By taxing tobacco we will be able to enroll a total of 10.9 million poor families into the Philippine Health Insurance Corp. (PhilHealth) and increase catastrophic benefits from 10 percent to 30 percent of the total cost, said Herbosa. The DOH also plans to use revenues from the sin tax to hire an additional 10,000 doctors, 50,000 nurses and midwives, and 100,000 community health teams to fill in gaps in health personnel. In addition, a total of 2,243 rural health units, 403 district hospitals, and 37 DOH-retained hospitals will also be enhanced as a result of sin tax revenues while about 700,000 rotavirus and pneumococcal vaccines will be purchased for poor infants. By taxing the tobacco industry we will not only improve our countrys healthcare service delivery but we will also prevent diseases and premature deaths because of smoking, Herbosa explained. The DOH estimates that around 170,000 deaths would be prevented during the first year of implementation of the sin tax. Meanwhile, around two million smokers are expected to quit from consuming tobacco by 2016 as a result of a higher tobacco levy. We will be able to save the lives of the poor and prevent our children from taking up smoking when we increase the tax for tobacco products. At the same time we will be able to improve our healthcare service delivery to cater to the poorest of our population, Herbosa said. †¦. http://ph.news.yahoo.com/sin-tax-bill-both-revenue-health-measure-213324211.html POSSIBLE ARGUMENTS FROM THE OPPOSING SIDE: FALSE CLAIMS’ Here are the top 5 false claims that the industry is supposedly spreading: †¨1. Tax increase will intensify smuggling Presenting statistics in various Asian countries, Monsod showed that there’s no relation between increase in excise tax on cigarettes and illicit trade. Countries where cigarettes are most expensive — Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, and Australia — have the lowest incidence of illicit smuggling. â€Å"There’s no relationship,† said Monsod. †¨2. Sin tax is inequitable Critics of the Sin Tax measure argue that it’s the poor that will bear the most proportion of the tax. Implenting a unitary sin tax, based on the original version of the legislative proposal, means the same tax will be imposed cheap and high-end cigarette brands. In the Philippines, the biggest proportion of smokers also come from the poor. Monsod said it’s not an issue. â€Å"We are not taxing a good. We are taxing a bad. The proportion of smokers is higher among the poor. Who buys the most? The poor. And they are the ones suffering [health-wise]. Do not use problem of inequity because precisely we want to stop the poor from smoking. They’re spending so much buying cigarettes. They cannot afford the cost of medication,† said Monsod. †¨3. Farmers, retailers to lose livelihood Monsod questioned the statistics of the Philippine Tobacco Institute (PTI) a total of 840,146 people are employed in tobacco farming. With 32,325 hectares of farmland, that would mean there are 26 tobacco farmers and helpers per hectare. â€Å"Does that sound right to you? And yet, this was accepted without demur by our legislators. Nonsense. There are 52,000 farmers based on National Tobacco Administration data,† said Monsod. If the annual income per hectare is P80,000, it means that the annual income of a tobacco farmer is P3,269, Monsod data. â€Å"I am only using their data to show that their numbers are ridiculous†¦ How can anybody survive with P3,000 a year,† Monsod added. Another argument against the Sin Tax measure claims retailers will suffer from loss of sales from cigarettes. Monsod said retailers will likely keep their profits from cigarette sales because the demand for the product is elastic. And even if they lose sales from cigarettes, Monsod said it shouldn’t be a problem. â€Å"If people stop buying cigarettes, you think they’re not going to buy anything else? Cigarettes loss will be milk’s gain or rice’s gain,† she said. †¨4. Tobacco industry will die and gov’t will lose money All studies show the contrary, Monsod said. Price increase, she said, will not decrease sales because demand for cigarettes is elastic. Price increase will not deter smokers, said Monsod, because smokers are already â€Å"addicted.† They will continue to buy cigarettes, she said. â€Å"If you have diabetes and insulin increased by 300%, you are still going to buy insulin,† she explained. †¨5. Negative net economic benefits Based on Monsod’s presentation, the annual gross revenue from cigarette sales is P103 billion but its cost to health is P188 billion. Monsod said that is a net cost of P85 billion. ‘Even if the revenues were there, you will still say ‘Remove Tobacco,’ she added. It’s important that Congress passes a unitary sin tax, Monsod added. â€Å"A unitary tax is absolutely imperative. If it is not unitary, what you are essentially doing is, you are throwing the poor to the dogs. Let them die. You are allowing them to kill themselves cheaper,† Monsod said. Most, if not all, countries like the U.S. and Great Britain have adopted a unitary tax, she added. The House of Representatives in June passed on third and final reading a two-tier excise tax structure for tobacco products and 3-tier for alcohol. The diluted measure reduces projected revenues from P60 billion a year to P30 billion a year.